INTRODUCTION: A great deal of literature has recently discussed the evaluation and management of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) patient in the emergency department (ED) setting, but there remains a dearth of literature providing guidance on cardiac arrest management in this population. OBJECTIVE: This narrative review outlines the underlying pathophysiology of patients with COVID-19 and discusses approaches to cardiac arrest management in the ED based on the current literature as well as extrapolations from experience with other pathogens. DISCUSSION: Patients with COVID-19 may experience cardiovascular manifestations that place them at risk for acute myocardial injury, arrhythmias, and cardiac arrest. The mortality for these critically ill patients is high and increases with age and comorbidities. While providing resuscitative interventions and performing procedures on these patients, healthcare providers must adhere to strict infection control measures and prioritize their own safety through the appropriate use of personal protective equipment. A novel approach must be implemented in combination with national guidelines. The changes in these guidelines emphasize early placement of an advanced airway to limit nosocomial viral transmission and encourage healthcare providers to determine the effectiveness of their efforts prior to placing staff at risk for exposure. CONCLUSIONS: While treatment priorities and goals are identical to pre-pandemic approaches, the management of COVID-19 patients in cardiac arrest has distinct differences from cardiac arrest patients without COVID-19. We provide a review of the current literature on the changes in cardiac arrest management as well as details outlining team composition.

BACKGROUND: The effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on mental health, self-regulatory capacities, and overall resilience are well-known. Given such effects, ACEs may play a role in how individuals adjust to challenges later in life. Of interest in this study is the transition to university, a time of heightened stress when adapting to circumstances is required and when those with ACEs may need additional in-the-moment support to exercise resilience. A smartphone app may provide a worthwhile and readily accessible medium for a resilience intervention, provided behavioral outcomes are adequately evaluated. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the impact of an innovative, smartphone appCbased resilience intervention. The JoyPop app was designed to promote resilience through the use of self-regulatory skills such as emotion regulation and executive functioning. Among a sample of first-year undergraduate students, we explored whether use of the app would be associated with positive changes in resilience and related outcomes, and whether these benefits were influenced by level of childhood adversity. METHODS: Participants (N=156) were requested to use the JoyPop app for 4 weeks, at least twice daily. Changes in resilience, emotion regulation, executive functioning, and depression were assessed after 2 and 4 weeks of app usage using multilevel modeling. RESULTS: The sample of 156 participants included 123 females and 33 males, with a mean age of 19.02 years (SD 2.90). On average participants used the app on 20.43 of the possible 28 days (SD 7.14). App usage was associated with improvements in emotion regulation ((2)(1)=44.46; P<.001), such that it improved by 0.25 points on the 18-point scale for each additional day of app usage, and symptoms of depression ((2)(1)=25.12; P<.001), such that depression symptoms were reduced by .08 points on the 9-point scale with each additional day of app usage. An interaction between ACEs and days of app usage existed for emotion regulation, such that participants with more adversity evidenced a faster rate of change in emotion regulation (P=.02). CONCLUSIONS: Results highlight that daily incorporation of an app-based resilience intervention can help youth who have experienced adversity to improve emotion regulation skills and experience reductions in depression. The JoyPop app represents an important step forward in the integration of resilience intervention research with a technology-based medium that provides in-the-moment support.

Many well-known commercial pharmaceuticals have been used in the therapy against SARS-CoV-2, although in a random and experimental way, since this use is only based on the knowledge about culture cells in vitro But, it is widely known that it is not correlated with assays in vivo conducted with in animals or with clinical trials in humans Knowledge about treatments applied to previous pandemic infections caused by viruses such as MERS and SARS may be the most interesting strategy used to screen products with potential to act against SARS-CoV-2 Mechanistic aspects of virus infections and antiviral action mechanisms were herein analyzed based on the assumption that these commercial pharmaceuticals can eliminate the virus Perspectives about these procedures, as well as about finished clinical trials and the ones yet in progress, were also addressed in the current study Muchos productos farmacuticos comerciales bien conocidos se han utilizado en la terapia contra el SARS-CoV-2, aunque de manera aleatoria y experimental, ya que este uso solo se basa en el conocimiento sobre clulas de cultivo in vitro Pero, es ampliamente conocido que no est correlacionado con ensayos in vivo realizados con animales o con ensayos clnicos en humanos El conocimiento sobre los tratamientos aplicados a infecciones pandmicas previas causadas por virus como MERS y SARS puede ser la estrategia ms interesante utilizada para detectar productos con potencial para actuar contra el SARS-CoV-2 Los aspectos mecanicistas de las infecciones por virus y los mecanismos de accin antivirales se analizaron en este documento basndose en el supuesto de que estos productos farmacuticos comerciales pueden eliminar el virus Las perspectivas sobre estos procedimientos, as como sobre los ensayos clnicos terminados y los que an estn en progreso, tambin se abordaron en el estudio actual Muitos frmacos comerciais bem conhecidos tm sido utilizados na terapia contra SARS-CoV-2, embora de maneira aleatria e experimental, uma vez que esse uso baseado apenas no conhecimento sobre cultura de clulas in vitro Entretanto, sabe-se o que n?o est correlacionado com ensaios in vivo realizados com animais ou com ensaios clnicos em humanos O conhecimento sobre tratamentos aplicados a infec??es pandmicas anteriores causadas por vrus como MERS e SARS pode ser a estratgia mais interessante usada para rastrear produtos com potencial para agir contra o SARS-CoV-2 Aspectos mecansticos de infec??es por vrus e mecanismos de a??o antiviral foram aqui analisados com base no pressuposto de que esses produtos farmacuticos comerciais podem eliminar o vrus As perspectivas sobre esses procedimentos, bem como sobre os ensaios clnicos concludos e os que ainda est?o em andamento, tambm foram abordados no presente estudo

Purpose: Establishing the relationship between the decrease in air traffic and the volume of aviation fuel supplies in the context of Covid-19 pandemic. Design/Methodology/Approach: To establish the relationship between the number of flight operations and the volume of fuel delivered to an airport, the best method is to determine the Pearson coefficient. The use of this coefficient is the most appropriate choice, as the correlation (interdependence of features) concerns the mutual relations between the number of air operations and the volume of aviation fuel deliveries to the airport [l]. Moreover, by analyzing the relationship between these variables by the correlation method, we obtain data in relation to the direction (trend) and the strength of the linear relationship, the impact of air traffic on fuel supplies to aircraft performing air operations. Findings: The analysis of the data presented in the paper shows an increase in the strength of the relationship between the number of air operations performed and the volume of fuel deliveries in the pandemic period, compared to the period before the pandemic. Practical Implications: The presented solutions may contribute to the optimization of fuel supply chain management in the aviation sector. Originality/Value: The originality of the text is related to the innovative application of correlation analysis to optimize the management of fuel supply chains.

The nasal epithelium is a plausible entry point for SARS-CoV-2, a site of pathogenesis and transmission, and may initiate the host response to SARS-CoV-2. Antiviral interferon (IFN) responses are critical to outcome of SARS-CoV-2. Yet little is known about the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and innate immunity in this tissue. Here we apply single-cell RNA sequencing and proteomics to a primary cell model of human nasal epithelium differentiated at air-liquid interface. SARS-CoV-2 demonstrates widespread tropism for nasal epithelial cell types. The host response is dominated by type I and III IFNs and interferon-stimulated gene products. This response is notably delayed in onset relative to viral gene expression and compared to other respiratory viruses. Nevertheless, once established, the paracrine IFN response begins to impact on SARS-CoV-2 replication. When provided prior to infection, recombinant IFN or IFN1 induces an efficient antiviral state that potently restricts SARS-CoV-2 viral replication, preserving epithelial barrier integrity. These data imply that the IFN-I/III response to SARS-CoV-2 initiates in the nasal airway and suggest nasal delivery of recombinant IFNs to be a potential chemoprophylactic strategy.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still increasing worldwide, and as a result, the number of patients with pulmonary fibrosis secondary to COVID-19 will expand over time. Risk factors, histopathological characterization, pathophysiology, prevalence, and management of post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis are poorly understood, and few studies have addressed these issues.Areas covered:This article reviews the current evidence regarding post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis, with an emphasis on the potential risk factors, histopathology, pathophysiology, functional and tomographic features, and potential therapeutic modalities. A search on the issue was performed in the MEDLINE, Embase, and SciELO databases and the Cochrane library between 1 December 2019, and 25 January 2021. Studies were reviewed and relevant topics were incorporated into this narrative review. Expert opinion: Pulmonary sequelae may occur secondary to COVID-19, which needs to be included as a potential etiology in the current differential diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, serial clinical, tomographic, and functional screening for pulmonary fibrosis is recommended after COVID-19, mainly in patients with pulmonary involvement in the acute phase of the disease. Further studies are necessary to determine the risk factors, markers, pathophysiology, and appropriate management of post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis.

PurposeThis paper aims to discuss ways in which working in the virtual space can give rise to negative norm violating behaviours of employees in organizations. Further, it describes some of the measures that can be taken by organizations to manage such behaviour such that organizational and individual goals are met.Design/methodology/approachThis paper discusses the impact and importance of managing deviant behaviour of employees. Using relevant examples procured from secondary sources, this paper further provides a glance at how organizations can minimize such behaviour and maintain a productive and supportive work environment.FindingsIn todays scenario when remote working has become a norm, organizations can prevent employees from engaging in deviant behaviour by providing supportive work environment, recalibrating their policies as per the situation and by adopting a top-down approach of communication.Originality/valueThis paper aims to provide a glance at the people-related challenges that the shift to virtual working may have given rise to. It provides measures that organizations can adopt to keep their employees focussed and prevent them from engaging in deviant behaviours.

The Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela were two of the world's most iconic civil (political) (human) rights advocates and leaders of all time. Both advocated for, and to varying degrees, applied elements of peaceful protests to the achievement of their goals. Both spent time in jail, often concurrently, but eventually forced their respective countries to extend the same rights that white populations had denied Africans and African Americans. For the US, civil rights, voting rights, right to education, housing and housing loans suggested that equality had been achieved, capped in South Africa by the election of Nelson Mandela as the first majority-rule president, and in the US, by Barack Obamas election to the presidency. Yet the historical over-policing, police mistreatment and more generally, the judicial systems inordinate targetingof African Americans, with egregious cases running from Emmett Till to Rodney King to Walter Scott to Breonna Taylor to George Floyd to Rayshard Brooks and thousands of others shows the danger of such magical thinking. The now-persistent global wave pursuing human rights, civil rights and the right to be treated equally, primarily driven by the loosely-organized Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement, has become the leading voice in pursuit of equality. Riots such as those in LA, protests in Ferguson and everywhere in summer 2020 has ushered new civil rights campaign. In the US and elsewhere, it has morphed to include historical issues such as monuments to colonialism, the US civil war, slavery and slave owners and traders, institutions, companies and people whose wealth and existence has links to slavery. Instructively, the protests persisted even as COVID-19, the hundred-year plague, continues to ravage the world. Lost in the moment is the absence of central leadership and leaders such as MLK or Mandela. Their charisma and effectiveness has been lacking for 50 years. This paper evaluates whether this has led to inconsistent civil and human rights pursuit for equality, or whether perchance, Mandela and MLK were extraordinary, once-in-a-lifetime transformative leaders uniquely selected by history for their time.

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused a spur in the medical research literature. With new research advances in understanding the virus, there is a need for robust text mining tools which can process, extract and present answers from the literature in a concise and consumable way. With a DialoGPT based multi-turn conversation generation module, and BM-25 \& neural embeddings based ensemble information retrieval module, in this paper we present a conversational system, which can retrieve and answer coronavirus-related queries from the rich medical literature, and present it in a conversational setting with the user. We further perform experiments to compare neural embedding-based document retrieval and the traditional BM25 retrieval algorithm and report the results.

OBJECTIVES: Myalgia is a widely publicised feature of Covid-19, but severe muscle injury can occur. This systematic review summarises relevant evidence for skeletal muscle involvement in Covid-19. METHODS: A systematic search of OVID and Medline databases was conducted on 16/3/2021 and updated on 28/10/2021 to identify case reports or observational studies relating to skeletal muscle manifestations of Covid-19 (PROSPERO: CRD42020198637). Data from rhabdomyolysis case reports were combined and summary descriptive statistics calculated. Data relating to other manifestations were analysed for narrative review. RESULTS: 1920 articles were identified. From these, 61 case reports/series met inclusion criteria, covering 86 rhabdomyolysis cases. Median age of rhabdomyolysis patients was 50 years, (range 6-89). 49% had either hypertension, diabetes mellitus or obesity. 77% were male. Symptoms included myalgia (74%), fever (69%), cough (59%), dyspnoea (68%). Median peak CK was 15,783U/L. 28% required intravenous haemofiltration and 36% underwent mechanical ventilation. 62% recovered to discharge and 30% died. Dyspnoea, elevated CRP and need for intravenous haemofiltration increased risk of fatal outcome. Additional articles relating to skeletal muscular pathologies include 6 possible concomitant diagnoses or relapses of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and 10 reports of viral-induced muscle injuries without rhabdomyolysis. Localised myositis and rhabdomyolysis with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination have been reported. CONCLUSIONS: Rhabdomyolysis is an infrequent but important complication of Covid-19. Increased mortality was associated with a high CRP, renal replacement therapy and dyspnoea. The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) may have viral environmental triggers. However, to date the limited number of case reports do not confirm an association with Covid-19.

Immunocompromised status predisposes an individual to infection from bacteria, fungi, and viruses that are otherwise uncommon. The presence of carcinoma and the use of chemotherapy weakens ones immune system and leads to opportunistic infections of many kinds. Aspergilloma is a fungal ball that grows inside a primary cavitary lesion within the pulmonary parenchyma. Generally, immunocompromised individuals have severe and invasive infections from Aspergillus. Here, we present a case report of a female with breast carcinoma undergoing chemotherapy who previously had a lung abscess with Klebsiella. During her subsequent presentation, she was detected to have aspergilloma along with multi-drug-resistant organisms in the lung abscess along with metastasis of breast carcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma encapsulating the fungal ball.

The global pandemic reached New Zealand in the middle of a teaching semester, calling educators to rapidly transition into a fully online teaching mode. Covid-19 brought fears for the unknown and required an abrupt shift, creating anxiety for academic staff, students and parents. Amidst this transition, educators had to quickly reconfigure their designs, as specific pedagogical strategies set for in-class arrangements would no longer be appropriate for the new scenario. A whiplash redirect to the online mode introduced new tools and added uncertainties about Internet access and connectivity. People had to deal with remoteness and isolation and with changes to virtual learning. This paper theorizes about what it means to design for transition during an emergency. Drawing on the Activity-Centred Analysis and Design (ACAD) framework, we discuss implications for educational design, detailing how tools, social arrangements and tasks can be carefully orchestrated to support learning activity in emergency remote education. We situate the discussion within the transitioning experiences of students and staff at a Bachelor of Nursing programme, within a three-phased educational design which involved Virtual Happy Hours (VHH). The VHH sessions were run with two cohort groups of first- and second-year students in the Bachelor programmeand included their teaching staff. The intent of the VHH was to allow participants to familiarize themselves with tools, tasks and social elements that could be (re)used to facilitate engagement in a new online spacein preparation to the upcoming course sessions in the lockdown period.

People may be sympathetic to violent extremism when it serves their own interests. Such support may manifest itself via biased recognition of hate crimes. Psychological surveys were conducted in the wakes of mass shootings in the United States, New Zealand, and the Netherlands (total n = 2,332), to test whether factors that typically predict endorsement of violent extremism also predict biased hate crime perceptions. Path analyses indicated a consistent pattern of motivated judgment: hate crime perceptions were directly biased by prejudicial attitudes and indirectly biased by an aggrieved sense of disempowerment and White/Christian nationalism. After the shooting at a synagogue in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, disempowerment-fueled anti-Semitism predicted lower perceptions that the gunman was motivated by hatred and prejudice (study 1). After the shootings that occurred at two mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand, disempowerment-fueled Islamoprejudice similarly predicted lower hate crime perceptions (study 2a). Conversely, after the tram shooting in Utrecht, Netherlands (which was perpetrated by a Turkish-born immigrant), disempowerment-fueled Islamoprejudice predicted higher hate crime perceptions (study 2b). Finally, after the Walmart shooting in El Paso, Texas, hate crime perceptions were specifically biased by an ethnonationalist view of Hispanic immigrants as a symbolic (rather than realistic) threat to America; that is, disempowered individuals deemphasized likely hate crimes due to symbolic concerns about cultural supremacy rather than material concerns about jobs or crime (study 3). Altogether, biased hate crime perceptions can be purposive and reveal supremacist sympathies.

Washing hands, social distancing and staying at home are the preventive measures set in place to contain the spread of the COVID-19, a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. These measures, although straightforward to follow, highlight the tip of an imbalanced socio-economic and socio-technological iceberg. Here, a System Dynamic (SD) model of COVID-19 preventive measures and their correlation with the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is presented. The result demonstrates a better informed view of the COVID-19 vulnerability landscape. This novel qualitative approach refreshes debates on the future of SDGS amid the crisis and provides a powerful mental representation for decision makers to find leverage points that aid in preventing long-term disruptive impacts of this health crisis on people, planet and economy. There is a need for further tailor-made and real-time qualitative and quantitative scientific research to calibrate the criticality of meeting the SDGS targets in different countries according to ongoing lessons learned from this health crisis.

Five years ago, with the editorial board of Frontiers in Nutrition, we took a leap of faith to outline the Goals for Nutrition Science C the way we see it (1). Now, in 2020, we can put ourselves to the test and take a look back. Without a doubt we got it right with several of the key directions. To name a few, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for Food and Nutrition are part of the global public agenda, and the SDGs contribute to the structuring of international science and research. Nutritional Science has become a critical element in strengthening work on the SDGs, and the development of appropriate methodologies is built on the groundwork of acquiring and analyzing big datasets. Investigation of the Human Microbiome is providing novel insight on the interrelationship between nutrition, the immune system and disease. Finally, with an advanced definition of the gut-brain-axis we are getting a glimpse into the potential for Nutrition and Brain Health. Various milestones have been achieved, and any look into the future will have to consider the lessons learned from Covid-19 and the sobering awareness about the frailty of our food systems in ensuring global food security. With a view into the coming 5 years from 2020 to 2025, the editorial board has taken a slightly different approach as compared to the previous Goals article. A mind map has been created to outline the key topics in nutrition science. Not surprisingly, when looking ahead, the majority of scientific investigation required will be in the areas of health and sustainability. Johannes le Coutre, Field Chief Editor, Frontiers in Nutrition.

The COVID-19 epidemic has had unprecedented impacts on travel patterns in the US. This study evaluates changes to travel after shelter in place mandates. It finds that despite a potential reduction in gross vehicle miles travel, travel for secondary trips for recreation, shopping and errands may have increased. 26% of travelers may take trips that they otherwise would not have taken when working from homemany conducted via driving or carpooling and some via transit. This offers policy opportunities to consider how these trips can be captured in more sustainable modes than driving alone, and how transit might evolve after the pandemic to meet these travel needs.

SARS Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has become a global issue which has raised the concern of scientific community to design and discover a counter-measure against this deadly virus. So far, the pandemic has caused the death of hundreds of thousands of people upon infection and spreading. To date, no effective vaccine is available which can combat the infection caused by this virus. Therefore, this study was conducted to design possible epitope-based subunit vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 virus using the approaches of reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics. Upon continual computational experimentation, three possible vaccine constructs were designed and one vaccine construct was selected as the best vaccine based on molecular docking study which is supposed to effectively act against the SARS-CoV-2. Thereafter, the molecular dynamics simulation and in silico codon adaptation experiments were carried out in order to check biological stability and find effective mass production strategy of the selected vaccine. This study should contribute to uphold the present efforts of the researches to secure a definitive preventative measure against this lethal disease.

Objective: In the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, most IVF clinics stopped the majority of patient treatment cycles to minimize the risk of disease transmission When ASRM and other professional societies recommended resumption of treatments, procedures were put into place to ensure patient and staff safety However, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 viral exposure and potential cross contamination within the IVF laboratory remains largely unclear The objective of this study was to assess the true risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in an active IVF laboratory when strict patient screening procedures are in place Design: Prospective analysis Materials and Methods: Prior to restarting IVF treatments, a COVID-19 safety protocol was implemented Patients and staff were required to wear masks, fill out a symptom-based questionnaire daily, have their temperature taken, and practice social distancing in patient waiting areas Each female patient undergoing transvaginal oocyte retrieval (TVOR) was required to have a negative SARS-CoV-2 RNA test 3-4 days prior to the procedure Male partners were not tested All cases examined utilized ICSI The first tube of follicular fluid aspirated during TVOR (FF), culture media drops following removal of embryos on day 5 (M), and vitrification solution (VS) after blastocyst cryopreservation were analyzed Self-inactivating replication incompetent lentivirus particles containing the single stranded viral RNA genome were immediately inoculated into each sample after collection as a positive control for viral RNA stability, prior to direct RNA isolation (M, VS) or sample concentration (FF) For FF, cell debris was removed by centrifugation and filtration (0 22 um) prior to concentration of virus particles with an Amicon filter RNA was isolated using the optimized QIAamp viral RNA minikit, RNA quantity and quality determined, and cDNA synthesized using SuperScript IV VILO master mix A multiplex TaqMan-based qPCR assay was developed for SARS-CoV-2 and lentivirus RNA (detection limit 5 SARS-CoV-2 copies/qPCR reaction and 50 viral copies/2 mL sample), and used to test all diagnostic samples SARS-Cov2 synthetic RNA and lentivirus RNA were used as an RT-qPCR positive control Samples with no amplification of lentivirus genome were removed from the analysis (false negative) Results: In total, culture medium from 30 patients, vitrification solution from 98 patients, and follicular fluid from 156 patients were analyzed All samples were negative for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA Conclusions: With stringent safety protocols in place, including patient testing and use of ICSI, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be avoided in the IVF laboratory Importantly, this study does not indicate that virus from an actively infected patient cannot be found in follicular fluid or make its way into the IVF lab However, it does provide reassurance that with proper patient testing and safety measures, cross-contamination of the virus between gametes and embryos (including within liquid nitrogen storage dewars), as well as exposure of embryologists, is minimal

Recently, the lung infection due to Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) affected a large human group worldwide and the assessment of the infection rate in the lung is essential for treatment planning. This research aims to propose a Machine-Learning-System (MLS) to detect the COVID-19 infection using the CT scan Slices (CTS). This MLS implements a sequence of methods, such as multi-thresholding, image separation using threshold filter, feature-extraction, feature-selection, feature-fusion and classification. The initial part implements the Chaotic-Bat-Algorithm and Kapur's Entropy (CBA+KE) thresholding to enhance the CTS. The threshold filter separates the image into two segments based on a chosen threshold 'Th'. The texture features of these images are extracted, refined and selected using the chosen procedures. Finally, a two-class classifier system is implemented to categorize the chosen CTS (n=500 with a pixel dimension of 512x512x1) into normal/COVID-19 group. In this work, the classifiers, such as Naive Bayes (NB), k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine with linear kernel (SVM) are implemented and the classification task is performed using various feature vectors. The experimental outcome of the SVM with Fused-Feature-Vector (FFV) helped to attain a detection accuracy of 89.80%.

The exponential spread of the coronavirus in Malaysia has caused a significant majority of the economic activities to cease, resulting in poor stock market performance. This pandemic situation has in turn prompted the government to introduce policies to restart and improve economic activity and stock market performance. Hence, does the governments interference in attempting to control the outbreak of COVID-19 disease, play an important part in affecting the level of economic activity and stock market performance? To resolve this doubt, the impact of government policy responses to COVID-19 in the case of Malaysia was investigated. The sample period of the study was from 28 January 2020 till 29 May 2020, amounting to a total of 84 observations. The findings reveal that the responses taken by the government, such as staying at home requirements, closure of workplaces and debt or contract relief for households, significantly affected both economic activity and stock market performance in the country. Based on the results, these responses appear to have significant policy implications, particularly in displaying that debt or contract relief for households have negative impacts on the economic activities, but a positive impact on the stock market. ? 2021 Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. All rights reserved.