PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic affects all aspects of life and might cause stress for vulnerable groups such as mothers with school-age children, both housewives and working mothers. With the uncontrolled circulating information about medications, supplements, and herbs that are believed to treat COVID-19, self-medication and misused might escalate. Therefore, this study aims to determine the consumption of anti-COVID agents and the mental health of mothers with school-age children in Indonesia. METHODS: Online questionnaires regarding medications/supplements for COVID-19 prevention and treatment of anti-COVID consumption behavior and mental health using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS-21) were distributed among Indonesian mothers with school-age children. Data (n = 610) were analyzed; descriptive and association between sociodemographic factors, anti-COVID medications consumption, and mental health were presented. RESULTS: A quarter of the respondents were categorized as having mental disorders, with higher scores of DASS-21 was higher in the housewives group. The incidence associated with age, family expenses, and marital status in the working mothers group, and only with family expense in the housewives group. Moreover, the result showed 80% of the respondents consumed anti-COVID medications or supplements to prevent COVID-19, with 75% did self-medication without consulting with a healthcare professional. Friends/family and social media were two primary sources of information regarding the anti-COVID products. In the housewives group, their consumption behavior was influenced by education. Meanwhile in the working mothers group, the consumption behavior was influenced by age, family income, and family expense. In addition, there was no association between the usage of medications/supplements with the respondents mental health status. CONCLUSION: This study showed the importance of controlling information and expanding the mothers knowledge to find the correct information to minimize the unwanted effect in the post COVID-19 pandemic. Increasing awareness of mental health issues in the community, especially in the vulnerable population such as mother with school-age children, is necessary to avoid detrimental effects that might occur in the future.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcomes of face-to-face, digital, and virtual modes of dancing for people living with Parkinson's disease (PD). DESIGN: Systematic review informed by Cochrane and PRIMSA guidelines. Data Sources. Seven electronic databases were searched: AMED, Cochrane, PEDro, CINHAL, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and MEDLINE. METHODS: Eligible studies were randomised controlled trials (RCT) and other trials with quantitative data. The PEDro scale evaluated risk of bias for RCTs. Joanna Briggs Institute instruments were used to critically appraise non-RCTs. The primary outcome was the feasibility of dance interventions, and the secondary outcomes included gait, balance, quality of life, and disability. RESULTS: The search yielded 8,327 articles after duplicates were removed and 38 met the inclusion criteria. Seven were at high risk of bias, 20 had moderate risk of bias, and 11 had low risk of bias. There was moderately strong evidence that dance therapy was beneficial for balance, gait, quality of life, and disability. There was good adherence to digital delivery of dance interventions and, for people with PD, online dance was easy to access. CONCLUSION: Dancing is an accessible form of exercise that can benefit mobility and quality of life in people with PD. The COVID-19 pandemic and this review have drawn attention to the benefits of access to digital modes of physical activity for people living with chronic neurological conditions.

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has been associated with subclinical myocardial dysfunction during its acute phase and a recurring pattern of reduced basal left ventricular longitudinal strain on speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) in hospitalized patients. But a question still remains unanswered: speckle tracking echocardiography might also be suitable to detect residual myocardial involvement after acute stage of COVID-19? Methods: and results: We studied 100 patients recovered from COVID-19 with STE to evaluate global (GLS) and segmentar longitudinal strain (LS) and compared with a control group of 100 healthy individuals. STE was performed at a median of 130.35 +/- 76.06 days after COVID-19 diagnostic. Demographic and echocardiographic parameters are similar in both groups. Left ventricular ejection faction (LVEF) and GLS were normal in COVID-19 patients (66.20 +/- 1.98% and -19.51 +/- 2.87%, respectively). A reduction in mean LS for the basal segments was found in COVID-19 (16.48 +/- 5.41%) when compared to control group (19.09 +/- 4.31%) (p<0.001). Conclusion: The present study suggests that COVID-19 induced cardiac involvement could persist after recovery of the disease and may be detected by deformation abnormalities using STE. COVID-19 induced myocardial involvement often shows specific LV deformation patterns due to pronounced edema and/or myocardial damage in basal LV segments.

In this article, we highlight how COVID-19 has transformed, is transforming and may transform into the future human intimacies This, we argue, is an appropriate focus for anthropological investigation particularly We posit a scaler approach to the anthropological study of the transformation of intimacy in COVID-19, embracing multiple levels from human relations with microbes through to human relations with deities Furthermore, we offer examples of the overlaps between the ways in which intimate relationships at small and large scales are conceptualised, especially metaphorically ? Berghahn Books and the Association for Anthropology in Action

The acute liver disease is involved in aberrant release of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). Glycyrrhizin (GL), a traditional Chinese medicine for liver disease, binds to HMGB1, thereby inhibits tissue injury. However the mode of action of GL for chronic liver disease remains unclear. We investigated the effects of glycyrrhizin (GL) and its derivatives on liver differentiation using human iPS cells by using a flow cytometric analysis. GL promoted hepatic differentiation at the hepatoblast formation stage. The GL derivatives, 3-O-mono-glucuronyl 18-glycyrrhetinic acid (Mono) and 3-O-[glucosyl (1 2)-glucuronyl] 18-glycyrrhetinic acid increased AFP(+) cell counts and albumin(+) cell counts. Glucuronate conjugation seemed to be a requirement for hepatic differentiation. Mono exhibited the most significant hepatic differentiation effect. We evaluated the effects of ()-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) propionic acid (DP), a T1R3 antagonist, and sucralose, a T1R3 agonist, on hepatic differentiation, and found that DP suppressed Mono-induced hepatic differentiation, while sucralose promoted hepatic differentiation. Thus, GL promoted hepatic differentiation via T1R3 signaling. In addition, Mono increased -catenin(+) cell count and decreased Hes5(+) cell count suggesting the involvement of Wnt and Notch signaling in GL-induced hepatic differentiation. In conclusion, GL exerted a hepatic differentiation effect via sweet receptor (T1R3), canonical Wnt, and Notch signaling.

Background and Objectives: Rowing is a sport that involves constant gripping, pulling/pushing, and rotational movements of the hands, in a cyclic periodic manner with every stroke, with hundreds of strokes being taken within a short period of time. Dermatological issues on rowers hands (fingers and palms) in the form of blisters and calluses are common knowledge within the community, but their prevalence and the rowers perceptions and pain tolerance to them has never been systematically evaluated. This work addresses these lacunae. Materials and Methods: Analysis of data collected from a survey on a sample of competitive (117) and noncompetitive rowers (28) who row on-water (total 145). Results: It was found that approximately 69% of rowers participating in this study have calluses on their hands for most of their time (considered by them as not painful). The incidence of blisters was found to be lower (but perceived as more painful). Their incidence was found to be fairly independent of the frequency and intensity of training, but they seem to affect most rowers equally at the beginning of season or during a change of position (nonconditioned hands). Blisters and calluses were reported to be mainly located on the proximal phalanges and metacarpo-phalangeal joint area of both hands, i.e., on the lower parts of the fingers and the upper inner palms. Conclusions: Rowers demonstrated a sense of acceptance of these dermatological issues, even a sense of pride in what they represent. The incidence of blisters becoming infected was estimated to be so low that most rowers would not have encountered such serious, albeit rare, consequences.

There is still little research on the association between COVID\19\related stress and insufficient sleep. As distress is assumed to be high in these times, the role of personal resources becomes more important. The current study aimed to investigate the predictive role of COVID\19\related stress, positive affect, and self\care behavior for subjective sleep quality and sleep change measures since the outbreak of COVID\19 in Germany. A sample of 991 adults (M = 34.11 years; SD = 12.99) answered questionnaires during the first lockdown period in Germany and afterward (between April 1 and June 5, 2020). A higher stress level predicted lower sleep quality and more negative changes in overall sleep and pre\sleep arousal. Higher levels of positive affect and self\care predicted higher sleep quality and more positive changes in sleep. Analyses showed a moderation of positive affect on the association between stress and change in pre\sleep arousal. The improvement in personal resources, especially positive affect, in times of high stress seems relevant to overcome sleep problems. Future research should include objective measurements of sleep and longitudinal designs to uncover causal directions of effects.

BACKGROUND Newly created ileostomies often result in patient readmission due to dehydration secondary to high ostomy output. Implementation of a mandatory home intravenous hydration protocol can avoid this. We aim to evaluate the impact of mandatory home intravenous hydration for patients with newly created ileostomies. MATERIALS AND METHODS All patients at a single, tertiary care center who underwent ileostomy creation during a period of sporadic home intravenous hydration (February 2011-December 2013) and mandatory protocol hydration (March 2016-December 2018) were reviewed for incidence of dehydration, readmissions, and emergency department visits. RESULTS 241 patients were evaluated. 119 were in the "sporadic" group and 122 were in the "protocol" group. Operative approach differed among both groups, with hydration protocol patients undergoing 15% less open procedures and 4.9% more hand-assisted laparoscopic procedures (P = .0017). Prior to protocol implementation, 23.5% of patients were sent home with intravenous hydration. Length of hospital stay after index ileostomy creation was shorter for "protocol" patients by 3.3 days (P < .0001). 15.1% of "sporadic" patients experienced dehydration as compared to 7.4% of "protocol" patients (P = .0283). Following protocol implementation, the number of patients readmitted due to dehydration increased from 13 to 14 (P = .01). DISCUSSION Standardized, mandatory at-home intravenous hydration following ileostomy creation leads to a significant reduction in postoperative incidence of dehydration and dehydration-associated readmissions. This protocol should be followed for all patients with newly created ileostomies, so long as adequate home health nursing support and active surveillance are available.

The Disease Control Section in the Public Health Directorate is responsible for contact tracing amid the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The Section recruited volunteers to strengthen their contact tracing team. Moreover, a nationwide call for volunteers was ignited in order to support the groups with vigilant case investigation and tracing in order to limit the spread of the infection in the community. This viewpoint report shares the experience of the disease control section with the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, shedding light on the use of non-healthcare background volunteers and their roles in contact tracing. The utilization of volunteers during outbreaks and emergencies helped multiple entities to continue their operations and thrived through expanding themselves into teams and units. Regardless of the skills and backgrounds of the volunteers, they were allocated efficiently according to their area of interest. This experience indicates that a sustainable volunteer pool is valuable to have, even in non-emergency occasions.

Research Objectives For the agencies interviewed, what were the best practices utilized for the behavioral and mental health issues in TAYEH before the COVID-19 pandemic? How has the COVID-19 pandemic affected TAYEH ability to access services and supports to address their behavioral and mental health needs? What programs/processes/procedures are being utilized now to assist TAYEH in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic? Design Qualitative Method were utilized to conduct a content analysis of the data collected via recorded virtual Interviews. Setting The study was conducted on a virtual platform focusing on multiple agencies across the United States. Participants Three organizations agreed to be interviewed, with four representatives being interviewed in total. Interventions There was no intervention. This was a qualitative content analysis. Main Outcome Measures Findings from the interviews indicated increased numbers of youth trying to access services during the pandemic. In addition, the agencies interviewed were seeing increased numbers of youth with mental and behavioral health issues, including substance abuse, PTSD, anxiety, and depression. Results The increase in need from TAYEH resulted in permanent services being added to their organization to help this population. The increase in need of services during the COVID-19 pandemic from TAYEH may have been due to limitations on the number of individuals allowed to occupy a space. It was agreed through the interviews that there could be ways to improve the services and resources for the behavioral needs of youth in their agencies. Conclusions Although there were challenges to accessing services like virtual meetings and staff illness, agencies developed strategies to meet the needs of the youth. These included creating virtual drop in centers and providing more telehealth services . Author(s) Disclosures None.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate regional differences in factors associated with food insufficiency during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic among three major metropolitan regions in California, a state with historically low participation rates in the Supplementation Nutrition Assistance Program, the nation's largest food assistance program. DESIGN: Analysis of cross-sectional data from Phase 1 (April 23 - July 21, 2020) of the U.S. Census Household Pulse Survey, a weekly national online survey. SETTING: California, and three Californian Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs), including San Francisco-Oakland-Berkeley, Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, and Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSAs. PARTICIPANTS: Adults aged 18 years and older living in households. RESULTS: Among the three metropolitan areas, food insufficiency rates were lowest in the San Francisco-Oakland-Berkeley MSA. Measures of disadvantage (e.g. having low-income, being unemployed, recent loss of employment, and pre-pandemic food insufficiency) were widely associated with household food insufficiency. However, disadvantaged households in the San Francisco Bay Area, the area with the lowest poverty and unemployment rates, were more likely to be food insufficient compared to those in the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim and Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSAs. CONCLUSIONS: Food insufficiency risk among disadvantaged households differed by region. To be effective, governmental response to food insufficiency must address the varied local circumstances that contribute to these disparities.

In a modern world, both tick-borne diseases and alcohol consumption are among major public health threats. In the present opinion article, we pose the question, whether these two health problems: alcohol consumption and tick-borne diseases prevalence can be related. We hypothesize that it is possible due to at least three factors: outdoor places chosen for alcohol consumption, behavioral changes induced by alcohol, and possible stronger attraction of human hosts after alcohol consumption to ticks. Many important clues are coming from social studies about peoples preference of places to consume alcohol and from studies regarding the attraction of people consuming alcohol to mosquitos. These data, however, cannot be directly transferred to the case of alcohol consumption and ticks. Therefore, we suggest that more detailed studies are needed to better understand the possible individual attractiveness of people to ticks and ways alcohol may influence it.

BACKGROUND: Web-based counseling and support has become increasingly commonplace for children and young people (CYP). Currently, there is limited research that focuses on the mechanisms of change within complex telepsychology platforms, a factor that makes designing and implementing outcome measures challenging. OBJECTIVE: This project aims to articulate a theory of change (ToC) for Kooth, a web-based therapy and support platform for CYP. METHODS: A collaborative qualitative research design involving professional staff, academic partners, and young people was used to develop the ToC. The following three major reflective phases were engaged: a scoping workshop involving professional staff and academic partners, a series of explorative projects were completed to inform the development of the ToC, and the draft ToC was reviewed for coherence by key stakeholders (young people, online professionals, and service managers). RESULTS: A collaboratively developed ToC was presented. This was divided into the conditions that lead to individuals wanting to access web-based therapy and support (eg, individuals wanting support there and then or quickly), the mode of service delivery (eg, skilled and experienced professionals able to build empathetic relationships with CYP), and the observed and reported changes that occur as a consequence of using the service (eg, individuals being better able to manage current and future situations). CONCLUSIONS: Developing the ToC helps to shed light on how web-based therapy and support services aid the mental health and well-being of CYP. Furthermore, it helps to understand the development of positive virtual ecosystems and can be used to devise evaluative tools for CYP telepsychology providers.

Background: International and UK data suggest that Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) groups are at increased risk of infection and death from COVID-19. We aimed to explore the risk of death in minority ethnic groups in England using data reported by NHS England. Methods: We used NHS data on patients with a positive COVID-19 test who died in hospitals in England published on 28th April, with deaths by ethnicity available from 1st March 2020 up to 5pm on 21 April 2020. We undertook indirect standardisation of these data (using the whole population of England as the reference) to produce ethnic specific standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) adjusted for age and geographical region. Results: The largest total number of deaths in minority ethnic groups were Indian (492 deaths) and Black Caribbean (460 deaths) groups. Adjusting for region we found a lower risk of death for White Irish (SMR 0.52; 95%CIs 0.45-0.60) and White British ethnic groups (0.88; 95%CIs 0.86-0.0.89), but increased risk of death for Black African (3.24; 95%CIs 2.90-3.62), Black Caribbean (2.21; 95%CIs 2.02-2.41), Pakistani (3.29; 95%CIs 2.96-3.64), Bangladeshi (2.41; 95%CIs 1.98-2.91) and Indian (1.70; 95%CIs 1.56-1.85) minority ethnic groups. Conclusion: Our analysis adds to the evidence that BAME people are at increased risk of death from COVID-19 even after adjusting for geographical region. We believe there is an urgent need to take action to reduce the risk of death for BAME groups and better understand why some ethnic groups experience greater risk. Actions that are likely to reduce these inequities include ensuring adequate income protection (so that low paid and zero-hours contract workers can afford to follow social distancing recommendations), reducing occupational risks (such as ensuring adequate personal protective equipment), reducing barriers in accessing healthcare and providing culturally and linguistically appropriate public health communications.

Quantum computing is increasingly becoming a big player in digitization and will provide competitive advantages in industry and business. The Canadian company D-Wave Systems has been involved in the development and commercial use of quantum computers for almost exactly ten years. Murray Thom is Vice President of Software and Cloud Services at D-Wave and is responsible for the application possibilities of quantum computing

COVID-19 has affected several aspects of peoples lives, including overseas voting by Koreans overseas. Compared to the high national voter turnout for Koreas 21st legislative elections (62.6%), the voter turnout among overseas Koreans was only 23.8%, the lowest since the inception of overseas voting in 2012. However, no study has systematically reviewed prior studies on overseas voting through the framework of political transnationalism with multilevel actors. By reviewing articles published between 2012 and 2020 that explore overseas Koreans voting in their home countrys election, this study aims to categorize studies at different levels and suggest policy implications and future directions for research that could contribute toward filling the gaps in the existing literature. The methods of overseas voting need to be diversified to adequately prepare for any exogenous shocks, such as COVID-19, during the upcoming election periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Political Studies Review is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Due to the epidemic of Covid-19, web-based online teaching is increasingly popular. This study aims to explore students' perceptions of the application of production-oriented approach in the online teaching of business English listening and speaking. After the teaching practice, a questionnaire survey and interviews were conducted to investigate the students' perceptions of the effect of this method. The results showed that teaching under the guidance of POA could motivate students' learning and stimulate their positive emotional experience. Besides, they were given more opportunities to use the language and the quality of their language output improved after enabling. POA is conducive to promoting the combination of assessment and learning. It is hoped that this study can provide reference for the future teaching. ? 2021 IEEE.

The SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein, a primary target for COVID-19 vaccine development, presents its Receptor Binding Domain in two conformations: receptor-accessible up or receptor-inaccessible down conformations. Here, we report that the commonly used stabilized S ectodomain construct 2P is sensitive to cold temperature, and that this cold sensitivity is resolved in a down state stabilized spike. Our results will impact structural, functional and vaccine studies that use the SARS-CoV-2 S ectodomain.

BACKGROUND Guidelines recommend an early access to specialised palliative medicine services for patients with cancer, but studies have reported a continued underuse. Palliative care facilities deliver early care, alongside antineoplastic treatments, whereas hospice care structures intervene lately, when cancer-modifying treatments stop. AIM This review identified factors associated with early and late interventions of specialised services, by considering the type of structures studied (palliative vs hospice care). DESIGN We performed a systematic review, prospectively registered on PROSPERO (ID: CRD42018110063). DATA SOURCES We searched Medline and Scopus databases for population-based studies. Two independent reviewers extracted the data and assessed the study quality using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklists. RESULTS The 51 included articles performed 67 analyses. Most were based on retrospective cohorts and US populations. The median quality scores were 19/22 for cohorts and 15/16 for cross-sectional studies. Most analyses focused on hospice care (n=37). Older patients, men, people with haematological cancer or treated in small centres had less specialised interventions. Palliative and hospice facilities addressed different populations. Older patients received less palliative care but more hospice care. Patients with high-stage tumours had more palliative care while women and patients with a low comorbidity burden received more hospice care. CONCLUSION Main disparities concerned older patients, men and people with haematological cancer. We highlighted the challenges of early interventions for older patients and of late deliveries for men and highly comorbid patients. Additional data on non-American populations, outpatients and factors related to quality of life and socioeconomic status are needed.

1150 Table 1Overview of mean app quality scoresDomain Quality Assessment Subscales Description Mean Rating Score (Standard Deviation) Engagement 3 elements Interesting, appropriately targeted 4.125 (SD 0.182) Functionality 4 elements Performance, usability, navigation, gestural design 4.171 (SD 0.372) Aesthetics 2 elements Layout, visual appeal 4.125 (SD 0.176) Information 3 elements Quality & quantity of information 4.109 (SD 0.172) The overall App quality mean rating was 4.141 (SD 0.27) - RATED GOODThe best-rated domain was functionality (4.171 (SD 0.372)), and the lesser rated domain was information (4.109 (SD 0.172)).In response to the ongoing pandemic, it was also decided to explore the users perceptions of how the App assisted in accessing clinical guidelines and supporting the new ways of working introduced as a result of COVID-19.73% of users indicated the App was likely to increase their use of clinical guidelines.70% of users agreed that the mhealth App supported the new ways of working introduced in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.ConclusionsThis project provided a valuable insight into users perception of quality which has informed the further refinement of the App as part of an ongoing PDSA cycle. All domains indicated a quality rating of acceptable and higher. There was a strong indication that the App supported the new ways of working and enhanced access to clinical guidelines and other relevant information.A limitation of this project was its implementation during the acute strain on staff and services due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which may have contributed to the volume of quantitative research responses being smaller than anticipated.References are available on request