We proposes a new scientific model that enables the ability to collect evidence, and explain the motivations behind people's cyber malicious/ethical behaviors. Existing models mainly focus on detecting already-committed actions and associated response strategies, which is not proactive. That is the reason why little has been done in order to prevent malicious behaviors early, despite the fact that issues like insider threats cost corporations billions of dollars annually, and its time to detection often lasts for more than a year.We address those problems by our main contributions of:+ A better model for ethical/malicious behavioral analysis with a strong focus on understanding people's motivations. + Research results regarding ethical behaviors of more than 200 participants, during the historic Covid-19 pandemic. + Novel attack and defense strategies based on validated model and survey results. + Strategies for continuous model development and integration, utilizing latest technologies such as natural language processing, and machine learning. We employed mixed-mode research approach of: integrating and combining proven behavioral science models, case studying of hackers, survey research, quantitative analysis, and qualitative analysis. For practical deployments, corporations may utilize our model in: improving HR processes and research, prioritizing plans based on the model's informed human behavioral metrics, better analysis in existing or potential cyber insider threat cases, generating more defense tactics in information warfare and so on.

Glucokinase-maturity onset diabetes of the young (GCK-MODY) represents a rare genetic disorder due to mutation in the glucokinase (GCK) gene. The low incidence of vascular complications in GCK-MODY makes it a natural paradigm for interrogating molecular mechanisms promoting vascular health under prolonged hyperglycemia. Clinical rate of misdiagnosis has remained high, and a reliable serum lipid biomarker that precedes genetic screening can facilitate correct diagnosis and treatment. Herein, we comprehensively quantitated 565 serum lipids from 25 classes in 105 subjects (42 nondiabetic controls, 30 GC K-MODY patients, 33 drug-na?ve, and newly-onset T2D patients). At false-discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05, several phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and plasmalogen PCs were specifically increased in GCK-MODY, while triacylglycerols (TAGs) and diacylglycerols (DAGs) were reduced. Correlation matrices between lipids uncovered coregulation between plasmalogen PCs (PCps) and glycerolipid precursors was distinctly enhanced in GCK-MODY compared to T2D. Strengthened positive correlations between serum PCps and circulating HDLs was specifically observed in hyperglycemic subjects (i.e. T2D and GCK-MODY) compared to normglycemic controls, suggesting that HDL-PCps may elicit distinct physiological effects under hyperglycemia. Amongst GCK-MODY patients, individuals harboring variants of GCK mutations with elevated PCps also exhibited higher HDLs. Isolated HDLs displayed localized increases (p < 0.05) in very-long-chain PUFA-PCs and PCps in GCK-MODY. Protein analyses revealed elevated levels of HDL-resident ATGL (P = 0.003) and CEPT1 (P < 0.0001), which mediate critical steps of PCps production along the TAG-DAG-PC axis, in GCK-MODY relative to T2D. A panel of four lipids differentiated GCK-MODY from T2D with AUC of 0.950 (95% CI 0.903C9.997). This study provides the first evidence that enhanced recruitment of CEPT1 and ATGL onto HDLs essentially underlie the atheroprotective profiles associated with GCK-MODY. Resultant increases in the production of HDL-PCps and PUFA-PCs provides an active, circulating form of protection towards the vasculature of GCK-MODY, thereby lowering the incidence of vascular complications despite chronic exposure to hyperglycemia since birth.

HER2 transmembrane receptor is an important target in immunotherapy treatment of breast and gastroesophageal cancer. Molecular imaging of HER2 expression may provide essential prognostic and predictive information concerning disseminated cancer and aid in selection of an optimal therapy. Radiolabeled low molecular weight peptide ligands are particularly attractive as probes for molecular imaging, since they reach and bind to the target and clear from non-target organs and blood stream faster than bulky antibodies. In this study, we evaluated a potential HER2-imaging probe, an A9 nonapeptide, derived from the trastuzumab-Fab portion. Its cellular uptake was investigated by mass spectrometry analysis of the cytoplasmic cellular extracts. Moreover, based on in-silico modeling, DTPA chelator was conjugated to N-terminus of A9. 111In-labeled A9 demonstrated nanomolar affinity to HER2-expressing BT474 cells and favorable biodistribution profile in NMRI mice. This study suggests that the peptide A9 represents a good lead candidate for development of molecular probe, to be used for imaging purposes and for the delivery of cytotoxic agents.

Le diagnostic virologique d'une infection respiratoire exige thoriquement, comme celui de toute infection virale, la runion de trois critres: o 1o l'isolement du virus, 2o une sroconversion vis--vis de ce virus, 3o des arguments pidmiologiques. Les deux premiers critres permettent d'affirmer l'association l'infection respiratoire observe d'une infection virale majeure, suffisamment importante pour avoir suscit une rponse apprciable du systme immunitaire. Les arguments pidmiologiques permettent d'affirmer que l'infection virale reconnue est bien la cause du syndrome respiratoire, pour l'ensemble des cas observs du moins. Nous envisagerons les diverses techniques d'isolement et de srodiagnostic se rapportant aux virus les plus souvent responsables d'infections respiratoires, leur mise en ?uvre en pratique courante et l'interprtation des rsultats, parfois malaise quand les trois critres du diagnostic virologique n'ont pu tre runis.

Background: Ventilator allocation plan for a public health crisis should be developed through recognizing the values of society and engaging the general public. This study was conducted to assess the Iranian citizens' attitude about some principles and criteria for allocation of ventilators in the current COVID-19 epidemic.Materials and Methods: An electronic self-administered questionnaire was publicly distributed through social networks of Telegram and WhatsApp to perform this cross-sectional study. The questionnaire consisted of 11 statements about the selection and prioritization of patients for the use of a ventilator.Results: 1262 persons, including 767 citizens and 495 health care providers participated in this study. More than 95% of participants agreed upon the necessity to avoid discrimination and avoid prioritization according to patients' gender, economic and political status. While 40.9% of citizens and 49.6% of healthcare workers believed that a ventilator can be disconnected from a patient with a poor prognosis to help another patient who has a better prognosis (P-value = 0.13), 34.3% of people and 29.6% of healthcare workers believed that the earlier admitted patients have the right to receive the device even if the likeliness of his/her survival is less than the next patient (P-value = 0.009).Conclusions: Maximizing health benefits as a measure of ventilator allocation in the pandemic of COVID-19 is an accepted criterion. Meanwhile, periodic evaluation of patients and disconnecting the device from a patient that no longer benefits from ICU services requires its scientific and ethical basis to be brought in public discourse.

Pheochromocytoma is a tumor arising from chromaffin cells of the medulla of adrenal gland and secretes excessive amounts of catecholamines: epinephrine and norepinephrine. It can also arise from sympathetic ganglia when it is referred to as catecholamine-secreting paragangliomas or extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma. Pheochromocytoma has been referred to as the masquerader for its numerous atypical presentations, which makes its diagnosis medically challenging. Here, we present a case of a 66-year-old female, presenting with high-grade fever for two weeks associated with generalized body aches. She had an extensive infectious, rheumatological and hematological workup. Ultimately, she was diagnosed with pheochromocytoma. After adrenalectomy, her fever and body ache resolved.

The COVID\19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted immunosuppressed patients, including solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR). COVID\19\associated mortality among SOTR was estimated at 20.5% in the early phase of the pandemic(1). SARS\CoV\2 vaccination may help reduce the morbidity and mortality of COVID\19 among SOTR. Under emergency use authorization, the US Food Drug Administration approved two SARS\CoV\2 messenger RNA vaccines [BNT162b2 (Pfizer), mRNA\1273 (Moderna)] and an adenovirus vector\based vaccine [Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson and Johnson)].

Physical activity and social participation are positively related to mental health and represent resources that strengthen individuals resilience. However, the measures aiming to contain the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic included restrictions regarding these health resources. For many people, stay-at-home orders had a negative effect on mental health and health-related behaviors such as physical activity. Young adults seem to be a particularly vulnerable group. The study aimed to examine the relationship between changes in physical activity and perceived quality of life in young adults during lockdown conditions. We conducted an online survey during the second lockdown in Germany and assessed perceived changes in physical activity, social activities, quality of life (QoL), the perceived burden of changes in social activities, and current QoL in 212 young adults (63.7% women, mean age = 23.46, standard deviation = 3.63). Young adults that maintained or increased their physical activity level under lockdown conditions, rated their current QoL higher and perceived a less negative change of their QoL during lockdown compared to those with decreased physical activity. Furthermore, those who rated that their physical activity levels did not change or increased, perceived the reduction of their social activities as less burdening. The results indicate that physical activity is a beneficial health resource during lockdown conditions. This highlights the importance of gaining knowledge regarding the antecedents of reducing physical activity and developing strategies that support young adults to be physically active in challenging times such as the pandemic (e.g. ehealth/mhealth approaches).

OBJECTIVE: Although many works have been done, the objectively measured diagnostic biomarkers are not available. Thus, we conducted this study to identify potential biomarkers for objectively diagnosing depression and explore the role of gut microbiota in the onset of depression. METHODS: Major depressive disorder (MDD) patients (n=56) and demographic data-matched healthy controls (HCs) (n=56) were included in this study. The gut microbiota in fecal samples and inflammation-related factors in serum were measured. Both univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed to identify the differential gut microbiota and inflammation-related factors. RESULTS: Finally, 46 differential operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (60.9% OTUs belonging to Firmicutes) and ten differential inflammation-related factors were identified. Correlation analysis showed that there were significant correlations between 14 differential OTUs (9 OTUs belonging to Firmicutes and 5 OTUs belonging to family Lachnospiraceae under Firmicutes) and seven differential inflammation-related factors. Meanwhile, 14 differential OTUs (9 OTUs belonging to Firmicutes and 5 OTUs belonging to family Lachnospiraceae under Firmicutes) and five differential inflammation-related factors (adiponectin, apolipoprotein A1, alpha 1-antitrypsin, neutrophilicgranulocyte count/white blood cell count and basophil count) were significantly correlated to depression severity. A panel consisting of these five differential inflammation-related factors could effectively diagnose MDD patients from HCs. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that Firmicutes, especially family Lachnospiraceae, might play a role in the onset of depression via affecting the inflammation levels of host, and these five differential inflammation-related factors could be potential biomarkers for objectively diagnosing MDD.

OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of the Corona pandemic on participation, feelings of inclusion, and mental well-being among adults with and without current or chronic mental health problems. METHODS Follow-up study with pretest prior to the onset of the Corona pandemic and two follow-up assessments during a first lockdown in April 2020 and a second lockdown in November 2020. We used the Measure of Participation and Social Inclusion for Use in People with a Chronic Mental Disorder (F-INK) and the Brief Symptom Inventory BSI-18, a short instrument for the assessment of psychological distress (n = 112). RESULTS Across all groups, compared to the preceding surveys we found no detrimental effect on the mental health status four weeks after the beginning of the lockdown in November 2020. CONCLUSION Against the background of heterogeneous findings on the impact of the pandemic, this study confirms studies that found, on average, a general resilience in well-being.

INTRODUCTION: We describe a cohort of children referred with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and compare this cohort with a 2019 cohort of children with Kawasaki disease. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 2019 and 2020 referrals to the inflammatory cardiology service at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children. We compared cardiac and inflammatory parameters of a sub-section of the 2020 cohort who presented with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction with the remainder of the cohort. RESULTS: Referrals significantly increased between February and June 2020 compared to 2019 (19.8/30 days versus 3.9/30 days). Frequency of coronary artery aneurysms (11/79 (13.9%) versus 7/47 (14.9%)) or severe coronary artery aneurysms (6/79 (7.6%) versus 3/47 (6.4%)) was similar between 2020 and 2019, respectively. The 2020 cohort was older (median age 9.07 years versus 2.38 years), more likely to be of Black, Asian, or other minority ethnic group (60/76 (78.9%) versus 25/42 (59.5%)), and more likely to require inotropic support (22 (27.5%) versus 0 (0%)). Even children with significantly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction demonstrated complete recovery of cardiac function within 10 days (mean 5.25 days 2.7). DISCUSSION: We observed complete recovery of myocardial dysfunction and an overall low rate of permanent coronary sequelae, indicating that the majority of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children are unlikely to encounter long-term cardiac morbidity. Although the frequency of myocardial dysfunction and inotropic support requirement is not consistent with a diagnosis of Kawasaki disease, the frequency of coronary artery abnormalities and severe coronary artery abnormalities suggests a degree of phenotypic overlap.

Covid-19 has lead to increased levels of personal protective equipment (PPE) in surgical specialties Aneurin Bevan Healthboard Oral and Maxillofacial unit sees approximately 2808 patients per annum and to meet current guidelines this added PPE is estimated to cost and extra 32,292 Whilst this helps improve safety for clinicians and patients we also recommend evidence is regularly reviewed to assess what PPE is justified at different stages of viral prevalence

Introduction: The impact of Covid-19 pandemic has been felt across almost every facet of our health system. The hepatobiliary (HPB) multidisciplinary meeting (MDM) which is an integral part of HPB surgery has not been left out of this. Our goal is to determine the effect of the Covid -19 pandemic on the HPB MDM using a major metropolitan tertiary Hospital as our case study. Methods: An audit of a prospectively collected data base was conducted for a 12-month period (pre and post Covid-19). All consecutive patients in the database were included. Demographic data, diagnosis, treatment offered, time to treatment and compliance to treatment were recorded. The MDM attendance and length of meeting were also noted. Results: Data analysis demonstrated an increase in the number of cases discussed, advanced presentations during the pandemic, leading to fewer curative resections and lower compliance to MDM recommendations. However, MDM attendance was 28% more during the pandemic with meetings taking 15% longer. Conclusion: It appears the Covid-19 pandemic has both a positive and negative impact on the HPB MDM. We recommend building on the benefits of the pandemic while we minimise its disadvantages.

Collaborations among tertiary institutions for research and other related activities have never been more important, particularly in this era of dynamic and rapid changes in technology Performance of institutions have also become topical as more ranking organisations have been created to assess the integrity and competitiveness of tertiary institutions While tertiary institutions were expected to embrace both competition and cooperation concurrently, it was vital to develop strategies that could enhance such collaborations Many initiatives have been undertaken to address these gaps, but along came COVID-19, which forced businesses to operate under restrictive measures and mostly virtual This chapter focusses on the Higher Education Partnerships for Sub-Saharan Africa (HEP SSA) and how it has strategised and achieved its goals through coopetition and virtual collaboration as a way of bridging the gap between academia and industry The results have demonstrated that coopetition was not only a strategy for market share and protection but also led to the access of resources that were usually unavailable in solitary operation ? 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

The growing political polarization of the American electorate over the last several decades has been widely studied and documented. During the administration of President Donald Trump, charges of"fake news"made social and news media not only the means but, to an unprecedented extent, the topic of political communication. Using data from before the November 3rd, 2020 US Presidential election, recent work has demonstrated the viability of using YouTube's social media ecosystem to obtain insights into the extent of US political polarization as well as the relationship between this polarization and the nature of the content and commentary provided by different US news networks. With that work as background, this paper looks at the sharp transformation of the relationship between news consumers and here-to-fore"fringe"news media channels in the 64 days between the US presidential election and the violence that took place at US Capitol on January 6th. This paper makes two distinct types of contributions. The first is to introduce a novel methodology to analyze large social media data to study the dynamics of social political news networks and their viewers. The second is to provide insights into what actually happened regarding US political social media channels and their viewerships during this volatile 64 day period.

The community pharmacy has a number of attributes that makes it an excellent setting for research and development projects, as it is a highly accessible part of the healthcare system and is staffed by highly trained health care professionals. The big turnover in patients in the community pharmacy makes it possible to reach a great number of patients and collect a lot of data in a relatively short time. However, conducting nation-wide research and development projects can be a rather time-consuming process for the individual community pharmacy, and can thus require collaboration with other community pharmacies and researchers. This will help ensure strong results and better implementation. Thus, the Danish Network for Community Pharmacy Practice for Research and Development (NUAP) was established in Denmark by a number of highly committed community pharmacies and researchers. NUAP consists of 102 member pharmacy owners in addition to a number of researchers. The aim of the network is to strengthen pharmacy practice and pharmacy practice research in Denmark by providing a forum where community pharmacy practitioners and researchers meet and work together. The network is led by a steering committee elected by the members in the network.

To study disease development, an inventory of an organ's cell types and understanding of physiologic function is paramount. Here, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing to examine heterogeneity of murine pancreatic duct cells, pancreatobiliary cells, and intrapancreatic bile duct cells. We describe an epithelial-mesenchymal transitory axis in our three pancreatic duct subpopulations and identify osteopontin as a regulator of this fate decision as well as human duct cell dedifferentiation. Our results further identify functional heterogeneity within pancreatic duct subpopulations by elucidating a role for geminin in accumulation of DNA damage in the setting of chronic pancreatitis. Our findings implicate diverse functional roles for subpopulations of pancreatic duct cells in maintenance of duct cell identity and disease progression and establish a comprehensive road map of murine pancreatic duct cell, pancreatobiliary cell, and intrapancreatic bile duct cell homeostasis.

In this paper, we discuss three different response strategies to a disease outbreak and their economic implications in an age-structured population. We have utilized the classical age structured SIR-model, thus assuming that recovered people will not be infected again. Available resource dynamics is governed by the well-known logistic growth model, in which the reproduction coefficient depends on the disease outbreak spreading dynamics. We further investigate the feedback interaction of the disease spread dynamics and resource growth dynamics with the premise that the quality of treatment depends on the current economic situation. The very inclusion of mortality rates and economic considerations in the same model may be incongruous under certain positions, but in this model, we take a 'realpolitik' approach by exploring all of these factors together as it is done in reality.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to assess the value of systematic screening in asymptomatic women admitted for spontaneous delivery with a combination of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and cycle threshold (Ct) and serum antibodies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Since May 6 all women admitted for spontaneous delivery underwent RT-PCR in nasopharyngeal swabs and specific antibodies IgG of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in serum that were performed as part of routine clinical care in our institution. Ct of the PCR was recorded. We analyzed the first 100 women consecutively admitted for spontaneous delivery at our institution. RESULTS: Nine women were positive for SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal samples (9%) and 13 (13%) presented positive specific antibodies of the coronavirus. Overall, SAR-CoV-2 prior exposure was 15%. The Ct determination (RT-PCR test) of our 9 positive patients ranged from 36 to 41 cycles with a median of 40. Vaginal delivery occurred in 94% of the cases and only 6% underwent a cesarean section, always for obstetric reasons. No fetal transmission was observed and maternal and neonatal prognosis was excellent. CONCLUSIONS: During epidemic episodes in asymptomatic women in labor, universal testing with RT-PCR (considering Ct determination), and the detection of antibodies, permits a better interpretation of the results and avoid unnecessary isolation procedures.

BACKGROUND Gastroretentive drug delivery systems (GRDDSs) are designed to release the drug in the stomach over a prolonged time; thus, they can reduce drug dosing frequency and dose size and improve patient compliance. GRDDSs are also highly effective in enhancing the bioavailability of the drug that exhibits window absorption in specific segments of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Famotidine (FMT), an H2 receptor antagonist, is an example of these drugs. FMT is a slightly water-soluble drug but well soluble in an acidic medium. This research aims to formulate FMT gastro-retentive floating tablets (FMT-GRFTs) to improve the bioavailability and therapeutic activity of the drug and increase patients' adherence to treatment. In addition, the in vitro release behavior of the prepared FMT-GRFTs was quantitatively analyzed using the DDSolver software to assist in selecting the successful formulation that was then evaluated in vivo. METHODS The direct compression technique prepared numerous tablet formulations and was subjected to the pre-and post-compression evaluation. Data of FMT dissolution in the simulated gastric medium was analyzed by various kinetic models built in the DDSolver program. In addition, the simulated pharmacokinetics (AUC, MDT, and MRT), R2 adjusted, AIC, MSC, correlation of the residuals, and similarity factor (f2) were also generated. RESULTS The results revealed that FMT release from the candidate formula (FH3) fitted to the first-order kinetic model, with a high value of R2 adjusted and MSC and a low AIC. The release behavior exhibited the Fickian diffusion mechanism. The similarity factor showed no significant difference (p < 0.05) of the test sample compared to the reference product. Nevertheless, the simulated pharmacokinetic parameter, AUC, proved a two-fold enhancement in FMT bioavailability, with a significant increment in the MDT and MRT compared with the reference product. The FT-IR spectroscopy analysis indicated the absence of drug-excipients/polymer interaction. The in vivo X-ray studies on rabbits confirmed that the floating tablets showed nearly eight hours of gastric residence. CONCLUSION DDSolver software was helpful in deciding the optimized formulation of FMT floating tablets. The radiological examination in rabbits for gastric retention was consistent with the release data analysis in vitro.