Loneliness may be a consequence of social distancing, a measure imposed by several governments to try to reduce the contagion of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Despite being necessary, this measure may have thus caused a rise in mental health issues, leading to higher psychological distress and symptomatology Thus, it is also important to explore how loneliness relates to the regulation of psychological needs This study aims to explore the relationships between loneliness, symptomatology, and the regulation of psychological needs 142 individuals (M age=32 7, SD=10 9), answered self-report questionnaires in a cross-sectional design Results show that loneliness is positively correlated with symptomatology and difficulties in the regulation of psychological needs, with these relationships being mediated by psychological distress and psychological well-being We discuss our results with a focus on loneliness and related psychopathological symptomatology, as they seem to be core factors in the regulation of psychological needs ? the Author(s), 2020

We completed a systematic review of published Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) cases during COVID-19 pandemic and performed clustering and feature importance analysis, and statistical testing for independence on the demographic, clinical and imaging parameters. Compared with the data before the COVID-19 pandemic, TTS was increasingly diagnosed in physical stress (mostly COVID-19 pneumonia)-triggered male patients without psychiatric/neurologic disorders, warranting further investigation to establish new reference criteria to improve diagnostic specificity. In clustering analysis, the gender and in-patient mortality primarily contributed to the automated classification of the TTS. Both the gender and in-patient mortality showed significant correlations with COVID-19 infection/pneumonia. There is effect modification of gender on outcomes in patients with COVID-19 infection and TTS, with male patients having significantly worse inpatient mortality. Meanwhile, significantly more male TTS patients were classified as high-risk following InterTAK prognostic scores, suggestive of male COVID-19/TTS survivors will likely have worse long-term outcome.

Supervised learning method requires a large volume of annotated datasets. Collecting such datasets is time-consuming and expensive. Until now, very few annotated COVID-19 imaging datasets are available. Although self-supervised learning enables us to bootstrap the training by exploiting unlabeled data, the generic self-supervised methods for natural images do not sufficiently incorporate the context. For medical images, a desirable method should be sensitive enough to detect deviation from normal-appearing tissue of each anatomical region;here, anatomy is the context. We introduce a novel approach with two levels of self-supervised representation learning objectives: one on the regional anatomical level and another on the patient-level. We use graph neural networks to incorporate the relationship between different anatomical regions. The structure of the graph is informed by anatomical correspondences between each patient and an anatomical atlas. In addition, the graph representation has the advantage of handling any arbitrarily sized image in full resolution. Experiments on large-scale Computer Tomography (CT) datasets of lung images show that our approach compares favorably to baseline methods that do not account for the context. We use the learnt embedding to quantify the clinical progression of COVID-19 and show that our method generalizes well to COVID-19 patients from different hospitals. Qualitative results suggest that our model can identify clinically relevant regions in the images.

The outbreak of COVID-19 i.e. a variation of coronavirus, also known as novel corona virus causing respiratory disease is a big concern worldwide since the end of December 2019. As of September 12, 2020, it has turned into an epidemic outbreak with more than 29 million confirmed cases and around 1 million reported deaths worldwide. It has created an urgent need to monitor and forecast COVID-19 spread behavior to better control this spread. Among all the popular models for COVID-19 forecasting, statistical models are receiving much attention in media. However, statistical models are showing less accuracy for long term forecasting, as there is high level of uncertainty and required data is also not sufficiently available. In this paper, we propose a comparative analysis of deep learning models to forecast the COVID-19 outbreak as an alternative to statistical models. We propose a new Attention-based encoder-decoder model, named Attention-Long Short Term Memory (AttentionLSTM). LSTM based neural network layer architecture incorporates the idea of fine-grained attention mechanism i.e., attention on hidden state dimensions instead of hidden state vector itself, which is capable of highlighting the importance and contribution of each hidden state dimension. It helps in detection on crucial temporal information, resulting in a highly interpretable network. Additionally, we implement a learnable vector embedding for time. As, time in a vector representation can be easily added with many architectures. This vector representation is called Time2Vec. We have used COVID-19 data repository by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University to assess the proposed model's performance. The proposed model give superior forecasting accuracy compared to other existing methods.

Family can be an essential resource at times of loss or vital crisis. Loneliness and isolation in older adults might have serious negative consequences for their mental health. For this reason, this research aims to analyze the role of family function in the anxiety and depression experienced by older adults during the pandemic caused by COVID-19. Participants were 882 Spanish community-dwelling adults over 60 years of age. Sociodemographic characteristics, characteristics related to the coronavirus, self-perceived health, family function, avoidance, depression and anxiety were analyzed. Data suggest a buffering effect of family function on anxiety and depression during the pandemic. Furthermore, being unmarried or a female, greater fear of COVID-19, worse self-perceived health, greater avoidance, and worse family function were associated with higher levels of anxiety. Likewise, greater fear of COVID-19, poorer self-perceived health, greater avoidance, and poorer family function, were associated with greater depression. These results point out that family dysfunction is a predisposing factor for the development of the emotional problems of anxiety and depression in older people in potentially stressful and loss situations.

The Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in a multisectoral crisis, including tourism which is the most affected sector. Like other tourist destinations, the tourist villages are also forced to close all their activities. Inevitably, they have suffered many losses, and thousands of residents have lost their jobs. But in the midst of uncertainty, the tourist villages still have a way to survive and show resilience. Resilience both individually and organisationally will always be formed in and through communicative processes that enhance the ability to create a new normal. The important issue is how communication can improve the resilience of individuals and groups of rural tourism actors during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research was conducted in Nglanggeran Village, Yogyakarta. Yogyakarta is one of the priority tourism destinations in Indonesia and now has around 150 tourist villages. By using Buzzanells communication theory of resilience framework, the data of the research were collected through in-depth interviewing with a number of tourist village actors in Nglanggeran Village, Yogyakarta Province. They were analysed by using Creswell's data analysis spiral, consisting of reading-memoing, describing-classifying, interpreting, and representing-visualising stages. The results of this study show that communication plays an important role in supporting resilience of Nglanggeran tourism village actors during the Covid-19 pandemic. Five aspects of resilience communication are found in the three stages of the pandemic disaster. ? 2021, Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. All rights reserved.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and early outcomes of the Pipeline device for large/giant or fusiform aneurysms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Pipeline was implanted in a total of 45 patients (mean age, 58 years; M:F=10:35) with 47 large/giant or fusiform aneurysms. We retrospectively evaluated the characteristics of the treated aneurysms, the periprocedural events, morbidity and mortality, and the early outcomes after Pipeline implantation. RESULTS The aneurysms were located in the internal carotid artery (ICA) cavernous segment (n=25), ICA intradural segment (n=11), vertebrobasilar trunk (n=8), and middle cerebral artery (n=3). Procedure-related events occurred in 18 cases, consisting of incomplete expansion (n=8), shortening-migration (n=5), transient occlusion of a jailed branch (n=3), and in-stent thrombosis (n=2). Treatment-related morbidity occurred in two patients, but without mortality. Both patients had modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores of 2, but had an improved mRS score of 0 at 1-month follow-up. Of the 19 patients presenting with mass effect, 16 improved but three showed no changes in their presenting symptoms. All patients had excellent outcomes (mRS, 0 or 1) during the follow-up period (median, 6 months; range, 2-30 months). Vascular imaging follow-up (n=31, 65.9%; median, 3 months, range, 1-25 months) showed complete or near occlusion of the aneurysm in 24 patients (77.4%) and decreased sac size in seven patients (22.6%). CONCLUSION In this initial multicenter study in Korea, the Pipeline seemed to be safe and effective for large/giant or fusiform aneurysms. However, a learning period may be required to alleviate device-related events.

Various patch materials with variable cost are used for pulmonary artery reconstruction. An analysis of reintervention based on type of patch material might inform value-based decision making. This was a retrospective review of 214 sites of pulmonary artery reconstruction at a single center from 2000 to 2014. We excluded patients with unifocalization of aortopulmonary collaterals. Primary outcome was reintervention for each type of patch. Total number of patch sites was 214 (180 patients). Median follow-up was 3.7 years. Patch materials and number of sites were branch patch homograft (92), bovine pericardium (44), autologous pericardium (41), and porcine intestinal submucosal patch (37). Median age and weight at the time of patch reconstruction were 12.1 months and 8.5 kg. Reintervention occurred at 34 sites (15.9%). With Cox proportional hazards regression, the following variables were associated with reinterevention: preoperative renal failure - hazard ratio of 4.36 (1.87-10.16), p<0.001 and weight at surgery - hazard ratio 0.93 (0.89-0.98), p=0.004. Patch type was not related to reintervention (p=0.197). Cost per unit patch ranged from $0 (dollars, US) for untreated autologous pericardium to $6,105 for homograft branch patch. In this retrospective analysis, there was no relationship between type of patch used for main or central branch pulmonary artery reconstruction and subsequent reintervention on that site. This finding, combined with the widely disparate costs of patches, may help inform value-based decision making.

Several studies have demonstrated potential role of plant-derived miRNAs in cross-kingdom species relationships by transferring into non-plant host cells to regulate certain host cellular functions. How nutrient-rich plants regulate host cellular functions, which in turn alleviate physiological and disease conditions in the host remains to be explored in detail. This computational study explores the potential targets, putative role, and functional implications of miRNAs derived from Carica papaya L., one of the most cultivated tropical crops in the world and a rich source of phytochemicals and enzymes, in human diet. Using the next-generation sequencing, -Illumina HiSeq2500, ~ 30 million small RNA sequence reads were generated from C. papaya young leaves, resulting in the identification of a total of 1798 known and 49 novel miRNAs. Selected novel C. papaya miRNAs were predicted to regulate certain human targets, and subsequent annotation of gene functions indicated a probable role in various biological processes and pathways, such as MAPK, WNT, and GPCR signaling pathways, and platelet activation. These presumptive target gene in humans were predominantly linked to various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, mental illness, and platelet disorder. The computational finding of this study provides insights into how C. papaya-derived miRNAs may regulate certain conditions of human disease and provide a new perspective on human health. However, the therapeutic potential of C. papaya miRNA can be further explored through experimental studies. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00438-022-01904-3.

INTRODUCCIN Y OBJETIVO: La pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 afecta a las embarazadas con diferentes manifestaciones clnicas; una de ellas es el parto prematuro. El objetivo del presente estudio es caracterizar a las embarazadas con COVID-19 que tuvieron su parto y determinar la razn de aumento de parto prematuro en este grupo en comparacin con aquellas que no presentaban la enfermedad. MTODOS: Estudio observacional de cohorte retrospectivo donde se incluyeron pacientes embarazadas entre abril y junio del a?o 2020 en la Maternidad del Hospital San Juan de Dios. Se seleccionaron aquellas que tuvieron su parto y se evaluaron los datos demogrficos y mdicos, antecedentes obsttricos, informacin respecto al parto, antecedentes del recin nacido y caractersticas de la enfermedad por COVID-19. RESULTADOS: Entre las pacientes COVID-19 un 16.9% tuvo parto prematuro, alcanzando un OR de 1,79 (0,76-3,84 IC 95%) respecto a aquellas sin la enfermedad que, aunque no significativo, evidencia tendencia. Entre las que cursaron con COVID-19 severo todas tuvieron parto prematuro, con un OR significativo (&gt;= 7.84 IC 95%) en comparacin con aquellas con cuadro leve o negativas a COVID-19. Un 10.1% de los recin nacidos de madres COVID-19 requiri reanimacin neonatal, mientras que en las negativas fue de un 5.5%. CONCLUSIONES: Entre las pacientes COVID-19 se observo una tendencia a aumento del riesgo de parto prematuro respecto a aquellas sin la enfermedad, siendo significativo el aumento del riesgo en aquellas que cursaban con sntomas y an ms significativo si presentaban enfermedad severa.

The whole world is entangled by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), people are dying in thousands each day, and without an actual medication, it seems not possible for the bringing this global health crisis to a stop. Natural products have been in constant use since ancient times and are proven by time to be effective. Crude extract or pure compounds isolated from medicinal plants and/or herbs such as Artemisia annua, Agastache rugosa, Astragalus membranaceus, Cassia alata, Ecklonia cava, Gymnema sylvestre, Glycyrrhizae uralensis, Houttuynia cordata, Lindera aggregata, Lycoris radiata, Mollugo cerviana, Polygonum multiflorum, Pyrrosia lingua, Saposhnikoviae divaricate, Tinospora cordifolia etc. have shown promising inhibitory effect against coronavirus. Several molecules, including acacetin, amentoflavone, allicin, blancoxanthone, curcumin, daidzein, diosmin, epigallocatechin-gallate, emodin, hesperidin, herbacetin, hirsutenone, iguesterin, jubanine G, kaempferol, lycorine, pectolinarin, phloroeckol, silvestrol, tanshinone I, taxifolin, rhoifolin, xanthoangelol E, zingerol etc. isolated from plants could also be potential drug candidates against COVID-19. Moreover, these could also show promising inhibitory effects against influenza-parainfluenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Here, we have reported 93 antiviral drug candidates which could be a potential area of research in drug discovery.

The COVID-19 pandemic primarily affects people in precarious conditions, and sex workers are in a vulnerable position because their occupation is usually considered dirty work. Examining the cases in Taiwan, we find that contrary to general imagination, sex workers managed to make their living not only by diversifying their economic activities but also by reorganizing their core servicessex. Moreover, they were able to adapt their relations with peers and clients and gained social capital that empowered them to alleviate negative impacts brought by the pandemic. Copyright ? 2021 by the Society for Applied Anthropology

Objective: Healthcare workers in general are at a high risk of potential infections with COVID-19, especially those who work with aerosol generating procedures. Dentists fall in this category, as not only do they operate with aerosol generating procedures but also operate within a face-to-face contact area. Methods: A structured self-administered questionnaire was developed at Najran University and provided to the participants for data collection. The data collected included information on risk perception and incorporation of measures for protection against COVID-19 to gauge the attitude of dentists during this period. Also, clinical implementation of various protective measures was reviewed. Results: Of the n = 322 dentists that answered the questions, 50% were general dentists and 28.9% were dentists working at specialist clinics, while the remaining 21.1% of dentists were employed in academic institutions. Among the newer additions to the clinic, 36.3% of dentists answered that they had added atomizers to their practices, followed by 26.4% of dentists that had incorporated the use of UV lamps for sterilization. We found that 18.9% dentists were using HEPA filters in their clinics, while 9.9% of dentists were making use of fumigation devices to control the risk of infection. One-way ANOVA was also carried out to demonstrate that there was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.049) between groups of dentists utilizing HEPA filters, UV lamps, atomizers, and fumigation devices to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV2 across their workplaces. Conclusion: Dentists are aware of recently updated knowledge about the modes of transmission of COVID-19 and the recommended infection control measures in dental settings. A better understanding of the situation and methods to prevent it will ensure that the dental community is able to provide healthcare services to patients during the pandemic.

Viral outbreaks can be experienced as disruptive and can be associated with trauma-related stress symptoms. In the current study, we adjusted the Dutch version of the Impact of Event Scale (IES) to assess traumatic stress symptoms related to the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak. The psychometric properties of this Impact of Event Scale with modifications for COVID-19 (IES-COVID19) were investigated by administering the IES-COVID19 to 380 university students who participated during the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak, upon invitation via e-mail. Using confirmatory factor analysis, the factor structure of the IES-COVID19 was found to be similar to the original IES, indicating two latent factors: intrusion and avoidance, 2(85) = 147.51, CFI =.92, TLI =.90, RMSEA =.044, SRMR =.049. Cronbachs alpha showed acceptable internal consistency of the total IES-COVID19, =.75. Pearsons correlations of the IES-COVID19 over time were also sufficient, demonstrating adequate testCretest reliability, r =.62. Significant correlations (ranging between.15 and.50) between the IES-COVID19 and symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, stress-related rumination, as well as negative social interactions, demonstrate adequate convergent validity. Overall, the IES-COVID19 shows to be a valid and reliable measure that can be utilized to investigate trauma-related stress symptoms of intrusion and avoidance related to the short- and long-term impact of the COVID-19 outbreak.

The COVID-19 pandemic is a stern reminder not to take our immune system for granted. The fact that some individuals contract and clear the SARS-CoV-2 virus without apparent symptoms stands in sharp contrast to the damage that this virus has brought upon more vulnerable populations, including the elderly and patients with chronic conditions or cancer. While the differences in severity of infection between these populations are multifactorial, it is likely that innate immunity provides the underpinning, given its central role in the early response to viral infections. Within two decades, there have been three known coronavirus zoonoses (SARS-CoV-1, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2), all of which have taken a devastating toll on the human and economic health of affected societies. Unfortunately, with the frequency and diffusion of novel zoonoses, this is unlikely to be our last battle. As we begin the long and daunting recovery from this pandemic, we must take the opportunity to think about how to exploit our innate immune system to better prepare us to fight the next virus.

PURPOSE: To describe the impact of hospitalization with COVID-19 infection on warfarin dose requirements in adult inpatients. SUMMARY: A retrospective chart review of 8 adults on warfarin admitted to Michigan Medicine with COVID-19 infection was conducted and reported as a case series. Outcomes of interest were difference in average daily dose of warfarin prior to admission (PTA) and while inpatient (IP), warfarin sensitivity, time in therapeutic range (TTR), confirmed or suspected thromboembolic event, any major or clinically significant bleeding episodes, and in-hospital mortality. IP average daily warfarin doses were lower when compared to PTA average daily doses [1.3 mg (1.3) vs. 6.2 mg (4.1)]. The mean percentage decrease in dose was 68.8% (23) and the mean absolute dose difference was 4.8 mg (4.3). Mean IP percentage tests in range was 30.8% (24.6) and mean IP warfarin sensitivity was 4.2 (3.8), both of which differed from PTA TTR and warfarin sensitivity for those with data available (n = 3, n = 6, respectively). One patient was treated for suspected acute pulmonary embolism while on warfarin and one patient experienced clinically relevant bleeding. In-hospital mortality was zero, mean length of stay (LOS) was 17 days (14.4), and mean intensive care unit (ICU) LOS for the 3 patients requiring ICU level care was 14.3 days (4.5). CONCLUSION: Decreased warfarin dose requirements were evident in this group of adults hospitalized with COVID-19 infection. These findings suggest lower doses of warfarin may be needed to achieve therapeutic anticoagulation while inpatient.

In this Perspective, David Mabey and colleagues discuss a recent PLOS Medicine article on azithromycin as an intervention for reducing child mortality.

Purpose: To present a method that automatically segments and quantifies abnormal CT patterns commonly present in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), namely ground glass opacities and consolidations. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, the proposed method takes as input a non-contrasted chest CT and segments the lesions, lungs, and lobes in three dimensions, based on a dataset of 9749 chest CT volumes. The method outputs two combined measures of the severity of lung and lobe involvement, quantifying both the extent of COVID-19 abnormalities and presence of high opacities, based on deep learning and deep reinforcement learning. The first measure of (PO, PHO) is global, while the second of (LSS, LHOS) is lobewise. Evaluation of the algorithm is reported on CTs of 200 participants (100 COVID-19 confirmed patients and 100 healthy controls) from institutions from Canada, Europe and the United States collected between 2002-Present (April, 2020). Ground truth is established by manual annotations of lesions, lungs, and lobes. Correlation and regression analyses were performed to compare the prediction to the ground truth. Results: Pearson correlation coefficient between method prediction and ground truth for COVID-19 cases was calculated as 0.92 for PO (P < .001), 0.97 for PHO(P < .001), 0.91 for LSS (P < .001), 0.90 for LHOS (P < .001). 98 of 100 healthy controls had a predicted PO of less than 1%, 2 had between 1-2%. Automated processing time to compute the severity scores was 10 seconds per case compared to 30 minutes required for manual annotations. Conclusion: A new method segments regions of CT abnormalities associated with COVID-19 and computes (PO, PHO), as well as (LSS, LHOS) severity scores.

This study applies the difference-in-difference method on panel data collected from internet surveys to investigate changes in the preventive behaviors and mental health of individuals as influenced by the COVID-19 state of emergency declaration between March and June 2020. The key findings are: (1) The declaration led people to exhibit preventive behaviors but also generated negative emotions; (2) Such behaviors persisted even after deregulation of the state of emergency; (3) Making the declaration early (vs. late) had a larger effect on preventive behavior, with the gap between residents behaviors for areas that made early vs. late declarations persisting after the deregulation; and (4) The effects on mental health diminished during the state of emergency and disappeared after its deregulation.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of and attitudes toward coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among the parents of child dental patients in Shenzhen during the outbreak. A structured questionnaire containing 10 questions was used, and each question had 2 or 3 possible answers. The parents of children (aged 0-14 years) who visited the dental department of our hospital last year were eligible to participate in this study. A total of 148 parents were interviewed by telephone in February 2020 by research staff. A total of 94.59% of the parents said they paid high attention to COVID-19 and explained it to their children; 66.22% thought the dental department environment was more dangerous than other public places; 91.89% believed the dental department had a higher risk of virus infection; and 83.78% said they would take their children to a dental department if the children had a severe toothache. Approximately 81.08% of the parents expressed confidence after we informed them about the preventive measures taken in the dental department to ensure safe treatment for their children. In conclusion, all parents were concerned about COVID-19, and most of them had talked about it with their children often. In addition, a considerable percentage of them would not take their children to the dental department even if they had severe dental pain and thought that the dental environment could be more dangerous than other environments. More information about this topic should be delivered to this population.