Rhinosporidiosis, a chronic inflammatory disease, which is caused by the aquatic microorganism Rhinosporidium seeberi, is endemic in India and in many other regions of the tropics. It primarily infects mucocutaneous surfaces of nose, nasopharynx, and conjunctiva through transepithelial invasion. However, over the centuries, atypical involvement of other body parts, especially viscera, bone, subcutaneous layers, genitals, the tracheobronchial tree, and even the skull has been, though rarely, reported. This chronic granulomatous infection is notorious for its propensity for recurrence following autoinoculation and poor response to most of the anti-microbials except dapsone. Surgical excision followed by cauterization remains the treatment of choice when an operation is feasible. We herein report a case of an immunocompetent person with primary disseminated dermato-pulmonary rhinosporidiosis, which created significant diagnostic dilemma at the beginning, got complicated due to dapsone-induced direct anti-globulin test-positive autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and finally responded to prolonged multidrug therapy with liposomal amphotericin B, ketoconazole and cycloserine. This report establishes the importance of tissue diagnosis in rhinosporidiosis and even, in resource-poor set-ups, a simple histopathological diagnosis can promote an early and affordable accurate diagnosis, and subsequently, a proper therapeutic intervention.

BACKGROUND: Given the rapid spread of COVID-19 and its associated morbidity and mortality, healthcare providers throughout the world have been forced to constantly update and change their care delivery models. OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalized patients during the course of the pandemic in a well-integrated health system. METHODS: The study used data from the electronic health medical records to assess trends in clinical profile and outcomes of hospitalized adult COVID-19 patients hospitalized in our 5-hospital health system from March 2020-May 2021 (n = 6865). Integration of the health system began in February 2020 and was fully actualized by March 30, 2020. RESULTS: Mortality decreased from 15% during first peak (March-May 2020; the rate includes 19% in March-April and 10% in May 2020) to 6% in summer-fall 2020, increased to 13% during the second peak (November 2020-January 2021), and dropped to 7% during the decline period (February-May 2021) (p<0.01). Resource utilization followed a similar pattern including a decrease in ICU use from 35% (first peak) to 16% (decline period), mechanical ventilation from 16% (first peak, including 45% in March 2020) to 9C11% in subsequent periods (p<0.01). Independent predictors of inpatient mortality across multiple study periods included older age, male sex, higher multi-morbidity scores, morbid obesity, and indicators of severe illness on admission such as oxygen saturation 90% and high qSOFA score (all p<0.05). However, admission during the first peak remained independently associated with increased mortality even after adjustment for patient-related factors: odds ratio = 1.8 (1.4C2.4) (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The creation of a fully integrated health system allowed us to dynamically respond to the everchanging COVID-19 landscape. In this context, despite the increasing patient acuity, our mortality and resource utilization rates have improved during the pandemic.

Purpose: The study aims to analyze the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on house prices Design/methodology/approach: The authors start by discussing the possibility that house price indexes may not fully incorporate the effects of the pandemic as of yet Against the background of the pandemic, the authors then analyze economic and behavioral effects affecting house prices The authors also discuss how the linkages between tourism and house prices have been affected The authors further present evidence of an emerging shift in preferences from urban locations to more peripheral ones Findings: The authors report variance in the evolution of house prices across countries at the onset of the pandemic, with locations depending heavily on tourism showing slower price appreciation while appreciation has firmed in other places The authors argue that the resilience of house prices is not only because of the low-interest rate environment and government efforts to support firms and households, but also behavioral factors In some locations, the price of condominiums has declined relative to the price of detached houses This could indicate that wealthier households are seeking more space and larger units as a result of the crisis There is also evidence of a downward pressure on rents, leading to increased priceCrent ratios in the USA Originality/value: By considering both economic and behavioral factors, this paper provides for a better understanding of the resilience and realignment of house prices at the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic ? 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited

Despite severe economic damage, full-service restaurants and bars have been closed in hopes of suppressing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 worldwide. This study explores whether the early closure of restaurants and bars in February 2021 reduced symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 in Japan. Using a large-scale nationally representative longitudinal survey, we found that the early closure of restaurants and bars decreased the utilization rate among young persons (OR 0.688; CI95 0.515?0.918) and those who visited these places before the pandemic (OR 0.754; CI95 0.594?0.957). However, symptoms such of SARS-CoV-2 did not decrease in these active and high-risk subpopulations. Among the more inactive and low-risk subpopulations, such as elderly persons, no discernible impacts are observed in both the utilization of restaurants and bars and the symptoms of SARS-CoV-2. These results suggest that the early closure of restaurants and bars without any other concurrent measures does not contribute to the suppression of SARS-CoV-2.

Background and importance The importance of health promotion and disease prevention among the general public has been reinforced following the COVID-19 pandemic Although national campaigns have been active for years, reports have highlighted the opportunities for the greater use of pharmacy teams for improving this, in light of their location, accessibility, convenience and relationship with the public Aim and objectives To assess the level of knowledge on important health topics of patients and learn their preferences for future learning in order to develop a targeted and effective health promotion programme Material and methods In July 2019, patients waiting for a prescription to be filled in a hospital outpatient pharmacy were approached for inclusion in the study Those who consented were interviewed via a confidential questionnaire (revised following a pilot on 5 patients) until 100 patients were recruited The results were submitted into Excel for analysis Results The participation rate was approximately 30% (47% men and 53% women, aged 18-70 years) Approximately 10% of patients were unaware of the risks of high blood pressure and 28% had never had their blood pressure monitored 28% did not know the maximum recommended units of alcohol permitted per week All smokers (28%) had been unsuccessful in previous attempts to stop smoking Although all patients were aware of the correct signs of breast cancer, 17% of patients were unsure of the signs of prostate cancer 40% of patients were unable to give two correct symptoms of depression and some patients mentioned inaccurate ones Although over 75% of patients preferred to receive health promotion information via a one-to-one consultation with pharmacy staff, 74% of patients thought watching health promotion videos while waiting for a prescription was a good idea All patients had access to a mobile phone or a computer and were happy to receive information via their electronic devices Conclusion and relevance The study highlighted gaps in knowledge, particularly in the areas of alcohol intake, depression and prostate cancer, giving ideas of where to target future health promotion campaigns Although patients prefer personal consultations with pharmacy staff, novel ways of delivering health promotion, including the use of phones and electronic devices, should be considered

Goal: Numerous studies had successfully differentiated normal and abnormal voice samples. Nevertheless, further classification had rarely been attempted. This study proposes a novel approach, using continuous Mandarin speech instead of a single vowel, to classify four common voice disorders (i.e. functional dysphonia, neoplasm, phonotrauma, and vocal palsy). Methods: In the proposed framework, acoustic signals are transformed into mel-frequency cepstral coefficients, and a bi-directional long-short term memory network (BiLSTM) is adopted to model the sequential features. The experiments were conducted on a large-scale database, wherein 1,045 continuous speech were collected by the speech clinic of a hospital from 2012 to 2019. Results: Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed framework yields significant accuracy and unweighted average recall improvements of 78.12-89.27% and 50.92-80.68%, respectively, compared with systems that use a single vowel. Conclusions: The results are consistent with other machine learning algorithms, including gated recurrent units, random forest, deep neural networks, and LSTM. The sensitivities for each disorder were also analyzed, and the model capabilities were visualized via principal component analysis. An alternative experiment based on a balanced dataset again confirms the advantages of using continuous speech for learning voice disorders.

Our prospective study was therefore designed to determine which part of the systemic inflammatory response after cardiac operations resulted from Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in neonates and infants. After approval by the human ethical committee of the Gunma Childrens Medical Center (GCMC) and informed consent of the parents, 40 consecutive term congenital heart disease patients aged until 1 year who underwent long CPB time (> 3 h) at surgery were included in the prospective study between January 2012 and December 2014. C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-inh) drug (@Berinert) was generously provided by CSL Behring (King of Prussia, PA). The C1-inh (20 IU/kg) was given intravenously 60 min after CPB. Blood samples for complement factors were obtained before and 48 h after administration of C1-inh. Six patients did not survive and their data were not included. Of 34 patients included, median age was 6.5 months, median body weight was 6050 g, and 16 (47%) were female. According to the MannCWhitney U test, there were no differences between the two groups concerning demographic and intraoperative data, postoperative chemical data. C1q concentration was only significant lower in patients with C1-inh non-treated group than in patients with C1-inh treated group. But, the consumption of C1q, C3, C4, CH(50), and C1-inh in patients with C1-inhibitor non-treated group was observed early postoperatively. There is a significant difference in the values before and after C1-inh treatment between the two groups. The lower value in the C1-inh-treated group is explained by the activation of the classical pathway through the replenishment of complements by C1-inh treatment. This study proposes the administration of C1-inh is an effective therapy to reduce the activation and improve the clinical capillary leak syndrome.

SARS-CoV2 spike (S) protein has been well recognized for its ability to bind with the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptor on human and other model lung epithelial cells. The furin cleavage-site (CS) present between the S1/S2 junction in SARS-CoV2 S protein is critical to drive the fusion between the SARS-CoV2 main body with the host cell. The available S protein structure lacks a stretch of amino acid including the furin CS as well. The majority of investigators have reported the presence of a loop harboring this patch. We are for the first time reporting this patch comprises of 14 amino acid residues (677QTNSPRRARSVASQ689) that form an antiparallel -sheet comprising of PRRAR furin polybasic CS. We anticipate that this -sheet is used as a scaffold by proteases to act on furin-CS in SARS-CoV2 S protein. Additionally, we studied the interaction of modeled SARS-CoV2 S protein with transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2), and furin proteases that accentuated that these proteases use furin CS sequence (PRRAR) located in -sheet of our modeled SARS-CoV2 S protein to cleave the SARS-CoV2 S protein at S1/S2 junction.

ObjectiveAs cases of COVID-19 infections surge, concerns have renewed about intensive care units (ICU) being overwhelmed and the need for specific triage protocols over winter. This study aimed to help inform triage guidance by exploring the view of lay people about factors to include in triage decisions. Design, setting and participantsOnline survey between 29th May and 22nd June 2020 based on hypothetical triage dilemmas. Participants recruited from existing market research panels, representative of the UK general population. Scenarios were presented in which a single ventilator is available, and two patients require ICU admission and ventilation. Patients differed in one of: chance of survival, life expectancy, age, expected length of treatment, disability, and degree of frailty. Respondents were given the option of choosing one patient to treat, or tossing a coin to decide. ResultsSeven hundred and sixty-three participated. A majority of respondents prioritized patients who would have a higher chance of survival (72-93%), longer life expectancy (78-83%), required shorter duration of treatment (88-94%), were younger (71-79%), or had a lesser degree of frailty (60-69% all p< .001). Where there was a small difference between two patients, a larger proportion elected to toss a coin to decide which patient to treat. A majority (58-86%) were prepared to withdraw treatment from a patient in intensive care who had a lower chance of survival than another patient currently presenting with COVID-19. Respondents also indicated a willingness to give higher priority to healthcare workers and to patients with young children. ConclusionMembers of the UK general public potentially support a broadly utilitarian approach to ICU triage in the face of overwhelming need. Survey respondents endorsed the relevance of patient factors currently included in triage guidance, but also factors not currently included. They supported the permissibility of reallocating treatment in a pandemic. BMJI, the Submitting Author has the right to grant and does grant on behalf of all authors of the Work (as defined in the below author licence), an exclusive licence and/or a non-exclusive licence for contributions from authors who are: i) UK Crown employees; ii) where BMJ has agreed a CC-BY licence shall apply, and/or iii) in accordance with the terms applicable for US Federal Government officers or employees acting as part of their official duties; on a worldwide, perpetual, irrevocable, royalty-free basis to BMJ Publishing Group Ltd ("BMJ") its licensees and where the relevant Journal is co-owned by BMJ to the co-owners of the Journal, to publish the Work in this journal and any other BMJ products and to exploit all rights, as set out in our licence. The Submitting Author accepts and understands that any supply made under these terms is made by BMJ to the Submitting Author unless you are acting as an employee on behalf of your employer or a postgraduate student of an affiliated institution which is paying any applicable article publishing charge ("APC") for Open Access articles. Where the Submitting Author wishes to make the Work available on an Open Access basis (and intends to pay the relevant APC), the terms of reuse of such Open Access shall be governed by a Creative Commons licence - details of these licences and which Creative Commons licence will apply to this Work are set out in our licence referred to above. Other than as permitted in any relevant BMJ Authors Self Archiving Policies, I confirm this Work has not been accepted for publication elsewhere, is not being considered for publication elsewhere and does not duplicate material already published. I confirm all authors consent to publication of this Work and authorise the granting of this licence. Article SummaryO_ST_ABSStrengths and Limitations of this studyC_ST_ABSO_LIFirst UK survey to investigate public attitudes to pandemic triage dilemmas C_LIO_LILarge survey, representative of the UK general population C_LIO_LIEnables comparison of ethical arguments and existing guidance with the views of the public C_LIO_LIIdentifies relevance of specific patient factors in concrete forced choice dilemmas: may be helpful in development or revision of triage policies C_LIO_LISurvey findings do not allow assessment of relative weight of different factors C_LI

In this article I argue that while the COVID-19 outbreak is at its early stages in the Gaza Strip, the Palestinian coastal enclave is particularly vulnerable to its effects C not least due to the multiplicity of existing development challenges that have resulted from an ongoing Israeli and Egyptian-imposed blockade. With the economy at a standstill, the Palestinian governing authority has limited financial resources to (re)build key sanitation, hygiene, waste treatment and water supply infrastructure. These (infrastructural) inadequacies, while already a public health concern before the onset of the pandemic, now renders Gaza particularly vulnerable to the spread of viruses and diseases. Additionally, the limited movement of goods because of the siege has led to an acute shortage of medical supplies and equipment that are essential for combating a pandemic. Nonetheless, the COVID-19 outbreak is also unique in that it presents Gaza with a crisis that has little to do with the hostilities that define the politics of Israel-Palestine. Yet, the potential of a widespread outbreak also lays bare to the development challenges that Gaza faces as a result of the conflict. This, I conclude, provides an opportunity for the donor community to, under pretext of combating the pandemic, remedy some of the consequences of the conflict and siege without having to contend with the (political) stigma of doing so.

Computational thinking is an essential skill in the modern global workforce. The current public health crisis has highlighted the need for students and educators to have a deeper understanding of epidemiology. While existing STEM curricula has addressed these topics in the past, current events present an opportunity for new curricula that can be designed to present epidemiology, the science of public health, as a modern topic for students that embeds the problem-solving and mathematics skills of computational thinking practices authentically. Using the Computational Thinking Taxonomy within the informal education setting of a STEM outreach program, a curriculum was developed to introduce middle school students to epidemiological concepts while developing their problem-solving skills, a subset of their computational thinking and mathematical thinking practices, in a contextually rich environment. The informal education setting at a Research I Institution provides avenues to connect diverse learners to visually engaging computational thinking and data science curricula to understand emerging teaching and learning approaches. This paper documents the theory and design approach used by researchers and practitioners to create a Pandemic Awareness STEM Curriculum and future implications for teaching and learning computational thinking practices through engaging with data science.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Physical inactivity is expected to happen during the COVID-19 pandemic through home quarantine measures. The aim of this study was to develop, validate and perform the reliability of the questionnaire "Physical exercise (PE) level before and during social isolation (PEF-COVID19)" to evaluate the level of PE during the social distancing due to the COVID-19 pandemic and to try to identify changes in the daily life of the individuals. METHODS: This transversal study was developed to measure psychometric properties of the questionnaire PEF-COVID19. The survey was divided into 4 sections including subjects' characterization, social isolation update and physical exercise performed, pain, anxiety and stress before and during COVID-19 pandemic. After the survey construction in Portuguese language (Brazil), the survey was transferred to an online digital platform (Google? forms). The Construct, Clarity and Relevance Validation strategy was judged by a panel of experts and the validity index (VI) were calculated. The reliability was evaluated through the test-retest interrater reliability and measured through the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Kappa coefficient (KC). RESULTS: Twenty-five experts participated of the survey validity and 34 respondents from the target population participated of the test-retest reliability. The general average measures for VI were all above 0.84 and test-retest ICC and KC were 0.89 and 0.88, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This survey was considered valid and reliable to be applied to the general population over 18 years-old to investigate the PE practice and psychological aspects during the social distancing due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a public health problem.

The COVID-19 Pandemic has greatly influenced waste management sector due to large-scale patient care, diagnosis, treatment and isolation. COVID-19 waste could comprise of both municipal waste as well as bio-medical waste depending on the source of its generation. Such waste could be potentially infected with the virus. If not managed and treated scientifically, the risk of secondary transmission of the virus increases. The existing waste management systems are not designed to handle such surge of waste and therefore, safe handling and disposal of such waste is viewed as one of the biggest challenges. There could be multiple sources of COVID-19 waste, which includes hospitals, COVID-19 wards, testing centers, laboratories, home quarantine, temporary medical establishments, ambulances, graveyards and commercial establishments. Guidelines and procedures for management of the COVID-19 waste have been prescribed by WHO and by governments by countries across the globe. Selection of appropriate technology to treat and dispose potentially infectious COVID-19 waste is critical but depends on economic, environmental and social factors of a country or region. Looking at the quantum of waste that would be generated from the used PPEs, it is quite apparent that the existing waste management systems are going to be overburdened. The pandemic is also going to adversely impact the waste recycling sector, including the informal sector. To minimize the risk of transmission of the virus through sewage, proper treatment followed by disinfection is necessary. An ideal waste management policy during this pandemic should safely tackle the waste generated such that there are no chances of transmission due to the waste, ensure that the waste causes least possible damage to the environment, and strive to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs) and other international obligations.

Polysaccharide-encapsulated fungi are the chief source of diseases in immunocompromised hosts such as those infected with human immunodeficiency virus or neutropenia patients. Currently available polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines are mainly T cell dependent and are usually ineffective in weakened immune systems. In this study, laminarin, a well-characterized -1,3-glucan, was conjugated with a prokaryotically expressed recombinant fragment (amino acids [aa] 39 to 272) of calreticulin (rCRT/39-272), which exhibits extraordinarily potent immunogenicity and adjuvanticity in experimental animals. The resultant conjugate reserves the immunostimulatory effect of rCRT/39-272 on na?ve murine B cells and is capable of eliciting anti--glucan IgG (mostly IgG1) responses in not only BALB/c mice but also athymic nude mice. Laminarin-CRT-induced mouse antibodies (Abs) are able to bind with Candida albicans and inhibit its growth in vitro. In addition, vaccination with laminarin-CRT partially protects mice from lethal C. albicans challenge. These results imply that rCRT/39-272 could be used as an ideal carrier or adjuvant for carbohydrate vaccines aimed at inducing or boosting IgG responses to fungal infections in immunodeficient hosts.

Action potential (AP) burst firing caused by the activation of low-voltage-activated T-type Ca2+ channels is a unique mode of neuronal firing. T-type channels have been implicated in diverse physiological and pathophysiological processes, including epilepsy, autism, and mood regulation, but the brain structures involved remain incompletely understood. The medial habenula (MHb) is an epithalamic structure implicated in anxiety-like and withdrawal behavior. Previous studies have shown that MHb neurons fire tonic APs at a frequency of a2-10 Hz or display depolarized low amplitude membrane oscillations. Here, we report in C57BL/6J mice that a subpopulation of MHb neurons are capable of firing transient, high frequency AP bursts mediated by T-type channels. Burst firing was observed following rebounding from hyperpolarizing current injections or during depolarization from hyperpolarized membrane potentials in a20% of MHb neurons. It was rarely observed at baseline but could be evoked in MHb neurons displaying different initial activity states. Further, we show that T-type channel mRNA, in particular Cav3.1, is expressed in the MHb in both cholinergic and substance P-ergic neurons. Pharmacological Cav3 antagonism blocked both burst firing and evoked Ca2+ currents in MHb neurons. Additionally, we observed high frequency AP doublet firing at sustained depolarized membrane potentials that was independent of T-type channels. Thus, there is a greater diversity of AP firing patterns in MHb neurons than previously identified, including T-type channel-mediated burst firing, which may uniquely contribute to behaviors with relevance to neuropsychiatric disease.Significance statement Previous studies have reported that medial habenula neurons solely fire tonic action potentials at a2-10 Hz or display depolarized low amplitude membrane oscillations. In contrast, we found that a subpopulation of medial habenula neurons fire high frequency action potential bursts that share the characteristics of T-type Ca2+ channel-mediated low threshold spikes and were blocked by pharmacological antagonism of T-type Ca2+ channels. T-type Ca2+ channel mRNA, especially Cav3.1, is expressed in the medial habenula in both cholinergic and substance P-ergic neurons. T-type channel-independent action potential doublets were also observed in medial habenula neurons at sustained depolarized membrane potentials. Thus, there is a greater diversity of AP firing patterns in MHb neurons than previously recognized, including T-type Ca2+ channel-mediated burst firing.

This article, for the first time, analyses vertical networking among parliamentary groups and elected politicians from the same Europarty in the EU. It explores how, concerned about its growing ideological diversity, political fragmentation and recent sovereigniste tendencies, the European Peoples Party Group in the European Parliament has sought to exercise strategic leadership within the EU multilevel parliamentary field by systematizing its cooperation with younger national MPs. Drawing on a mixed-methods approach including document analysis, elite interviews, and a participant survey, the article traces the origins, motivations, and implementation since 2016 of the EPP Groups unique Erasmus Programme for visits by such national MPs to Brussels. It shows that participation enhanced the MPs knowledge about the EPP Group, the EP, and the EU. It also created new contacts between them and the EPP Group and other EP actors, and it contributed somewhat to legitimising the EPP Groups role for national politics. It remains to be seen, however, whether increased vertical parliamentary networking will be both sustainable, not ephemeral, and transnational, not nationallong-term effects that could only be traced with the help of a longitudinal research design.

COVID-19 is a worldwide health crisis seriously endangering the arsenal of antiviral and antibiotic drugs. It is urgent to find an effective antiviral drug against pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome (Sars-Cov-2), which increases global health concerns. As it can be expensive and time-consuming to develop specific antiviral drugs, reuse of FDA-approved drugs that provide an opportunity to rapidly distribute effective therapeutics can allow to provide treatments with known preclinical, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and toxicity profiles that can quickly enter in clinical trials. In this study, using the structural information of molecules and proteins, a list of repurposed drug candidates was prepared again with the graph neural network-based GEFA model. The data set from the public databases DrugBank and PubChem were used for analysis. Using the Tanimoto/jaccard similarity analysis, a list of similar drugs was prepared by comparing the drugs used in the treatment of COVID-19 with the drugs used in the treatment of other diseases. The resultant drugs were compared with the drugs used in lung cancer and repurposed drugs were obtained again by calculating the binding strength between a drug and a target. The kinase inhibitors (erlotinib, lapatinib, vandetanib, pazopanib, cediranib, dasatinib, linifanib and tozasertib) obtained from the study can be used as an alternative for the treatment of COVID-19, as a combination of blocking agents (gefitinib, osimertinib, fedratinib, baricitinib, imatinib, sunitinib and ponatinib) such as ABL2, ABL1, EGFR, AAK1, FLT3 and JAK1, or antiviral therapies (ribavirin, ritonavir-lopinavir and remdesivir).Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Background: SARS - COVID 19 is a respiratory diseases in humans which is caused by the SARS C Coronavirus the treatment of coronavirus diseasesC 19 has been continuously evolving and so far there has not been any Conesus treatment on an optimal level hasnt been evolved.Motivation for this research:The mainstream therapeutical involve broad spectrum antibiotic and antiviral drug that are already present are being used to treat the Pneumonia symptoms and effects and other drug called Hydroxychloro quinine is being used for fever symptoms and to prevent the binding of viral receptors to SARS C Protease enzyme present on COVID viral family to prevent further spread of viral symptoms and effect but this drug have side effect too like damaged liver, so in this research the aim is to test three mainstream antiviral drugs in molecular docking using first RASMOL to do the molecular study and then using USCF CHIMERA software to do the molecular modeling and to determine the best suited analog with very low binding energy to provide best results.Also for treatment supportive immunity and core protein C ligand interaction plays very important part to determine structural based drug designing and simulation, in this present research three antiviral drugs namely Ganciclovir and SALBUTOMOL and their analog are being used and to study to determine least energy values which can predict the best suited drug for the treatment of effects and symptoms.Several modifications were made to make drug compatible for simulation like addition of hydrogen, decreasing steric tension and addition of charges to non stranded groups modifications were made to Phenylic, Ketonic in case of Ganciclovir and Carboxyl group deletion in SALBUTOMOL and in USCF CHIMERA software.Goals to be achieved:Main objective of this research is to identify potential chemical compounds that can be docked in protease side chain of COVID 2 RNA genome which may act asa potential drug for clinical trial or possible treatment, two drugs SALBUTAMOL and GANCICLOVIR were docked .Analogs were prepared by CHIMERA software and Protease from chain A of Corona RNA was selected for docking site in that stranded part and backbone was removed and just non stranded outer amino acid group were selected as active docking site for binding affinity.Also in this research provides chances of further exploration was also provided for further exploration and observation based on drug binding affinity and energy values.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Atherosclerotic-CVD processes begin early in life and are influenced over the life course by interaction of genetic and potential modifiable risk factors, behaviors, and environmental exposures. The purpose of this review is to highlight importance of primordial and primary prevention beginning early in the life course. RECENT FINDINGS: Evidence-based guidelines and recommendations for primordial and primary prevention support importance of individual/clinical and population-based approaches to CVD prevention beginning early in life with goal of reducing the risk and burden of CVD. Substantial evidence supports the individual and societal benefits of prevention of CVD and promotion of optimal cardiovascular health beginning early in life and extending across the life course and the need for additional research to guide and inform practices and policies enabling optimal cardiovascular health for all.

The novel coronavirus, COVID-19, has caused a crisis that affects all segments of the population. As the knowledge and understanding of COVID-19 evolve, an appropriate response plan for this pandemic is considered one of the most effective methods for controlling the spread of the virus. Recent studies indicate that a city Digital Twin (DT) is beneficial for tackling this health crisis, because it can construct a virtual replica to simulate factors, such as climate conditions, response policies, and people's trajectories, to help plan efficient and inclusive decisions. However, a city DTsystem relies on long-term and high-quality data collection to make appropriate decisions, limiting its advantages when facing urgent crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Federated Learning (FL), in which all clients can learn a shared model while retaining all training data locally, emerges as a promising solution for accumulating the insights from multiple data sources efficiently Furthermore, the enhanced privacy protection settings removing the privacy barriers lie in this collaboration. In this work, we propose a framework that fused city DT with FL to achieve a novel collaborative paradigm that allows multiple city DTs to share the local strategy and status quickly. In particular, an FL central server manages the local updates of multiple collaborators (city DTs), providing a global model that is trained in multiple iterations at different city DT systems until the model gains the correlations between various response plans and infection trends. This approach means a collaborative city DT paradigm fused with FL techniques can obtain knowledge and patterns from multiple DTs and eventually establish a 'global view' of city crisis management. Meanwhile, it also helps improve each city's DT by consolidating other DT's data without violating privacy rules. In this paper, we use the COVID-19 pandemic as the use case of the proposed framework. The experimental results on a real dataset with various response plans validate our proposed solution and demonstrate its superior performance. &copy;2021 Tsinghua University Press. ? 2021 Tsinghua University Press. All rights reserved.