NL2VIS - which translates natural language (NL) queries to corresponding visualizations (VIS) - has attracted more and more attention both in commercial visualization vendors and academic researchers. In the last few years, the advanced deep learning-based models have achieved human-like abilities in many natural language processing (NLP) tasks, which clearly tells us that the deep learning-based technique is a good choice to push the field of NL2VIS. However, a big balk is the lack of benchmarks with lots of (NL, VIS) pairs. We present nvBench, the first large-scale NL2VIS benchmark, containing 25,750 (NL, VIS) pairs from 750 tables over 105 domains, synthesized from (NL, SQL) benchmarks to support cross-domain NL2VIS task. The quality of nvBench has been extensively validated by 23 experts and 300+ crowd workers. Deep learning-based models training using nvBench demonstrate that nvBench can push the field of NL2VIS.

Background: A minority of all with alcohol use disorders seek treatment. In Denmark, a media campaign, "RESPEKT," has been broadcast nationwide since 2015. The campaign is unique from an international perspective and aims to increase treatment-seeking. Similar interventions have, up until now, not been scientifically evaluated.Aim: To investigate campaign awareness, understanding, attitudes, and information-seeking pre- and post the campaign period. Also, associations to demographic factors and year of campaign will be investigated.Method: Study design: Repeated cross-sectional studyParticipants: Adults aged 30-70 years, in total n = 9169.Data: Pre- and post the campaign period between 2017 and 2020, an online questionnaire was administered by a market research company. The questionnaire covered demographic data, campaign awareness, understanding, attitudes, and information-seeking about treatment for alcohol use disorders. In addition, complete-case logistic regression was performed to model dichotomous outcomes, and odds ratios were calculated.Results: Campaign awareness varied between 8 and 40% over the different years. Understanding of the main message was high and received higher endorsements over the study period. A majority expressed positive attitudes toward the campaign and support for the main message regarding free treatment. However, very few self-reported seeking information about AUD treatment. Female sex was associated with higher awareness of the campaign, higher understanding and more positive attitudes toward the campaign.Conclusion: The campaign evoked positive attitudes and had an impact on increasing knowledge and changing attitudes. However, no effect on self-reported information seeking about treatment was found.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected almost every country in the world since De-cember 2019. Despite the efforts of the human race to combat the virus, we are still looking for an evidence-based permanent cure for the disease. Ivermectin has recently emerged as one of the therapies having a beneficial effect on COVID-19. Ivermectin, owing to its properties, continues to be a possible treatment against the COVID-19 disease. Already being a mainstream drug with minimal adverse effects, it garners valid consideration. It's use in hospitalized patients, randomized controlled trials, and observational studies has also supported its implementation. In this article, we have reviewed recent studies and explored the effectiveness of ivermectin in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

In Germany, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) infections mainly occur in southern regions. Despite recent increases in incidence, TBE vaccination coverage remains low, necessitating additional preventive strategies against TBE. Our case-control study in Southern Germany from 2018 to 2020 mapped knowledge/application of tick-protective strategies and identified TBE risk factors. We calculated odds ratios (OR), with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We interviewed 581 cases and 975 matched controls. Most participants recalled lifetime tick bites, mainly while walking, gardening, or hiking. However, only 45% of cases noticed ticks during exposure time; another 12% reported unpasteurized milk intake. While tick-protection knowledge was satisfactory, application lagged behind. Risk factors included dog ownership (OR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.85C3.24), walks 4/week (OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.42C3.12), gardening 4/week (OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.11C3.02), and garden proximity < 250 m of forests (OR = 2.54, 95% CI: 1.82C3.56). Applying 2 tick-protective strategies (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.40C0.68) and keeping lawns mowed (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.43C0.91) were inversely associated with TBE. In 2020 (likely pandemic-related), cases reported significantly more walks than previously, potentially explaining the record high case numbers. Our findings provide guidance on targets for TBE prevention. Persons with gardens near forests, frequent outdoor activities, or dogs could particularly benefit from targeted information, including on vaccination and preventing tick bites.

When the Chief Dental Officer for England announced that Urgent Dental Centres (UDCs) were to open during the COVID-19 pandemic, there were numerous hurdles that needed to be overcome prior to opening One of the biggest challenges, in addition to securing a supply of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), was the provision of training and testing of respiratory protective equipment (RPE) and the appropriate use of PPE in order to ensure that the dental workforce is safe to deliver face to face patient care

A unique case of multiple metastatic melanoma skin nodules regression in a heavily pretreated, 72-year-old Caucasian female, after administering the second dose of the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, is presented. Two days after vaccination, all her melanoma skin nodules became painful and were significantly reduced in size. Physical examination and ultrasound imaging confirmed the patient's observation. The effect was sustained, and further reduction of the nodules occurred after the third vaccine dose. One of the reduced nodules was removed, histologically examined, and its histopathology was compared to that of another such nodule removed and examined earlier. Distinct differences were observed between the two histopathologies, with the most notable the unexpected finding of the absence of infiltrating lymphocytes in the reducer nodule's melanoma tissue. Based on this observation, the possible immunological mechanism(s) leading to the vaccine's effect are speculated. More possible is the vaccine's antitumor and apoptotic activity via stimulation of the Tol Like Receptors 3, 7, and 8, and (downstream) the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of the activated B cells pathway of the non-lymphocytic immune effector cells.

A COVID-19 vaccine with capability to induce early protection is needed to efficiently eliminate viral spread. Here, we demonstrate the development of a nanoparticle vaccine candidate, REVC-128, in which multiple trimeric spike ectodomain subunits with glycine (G) at position 614 were multimerized onto a nanoparticle. In-vitro characterization of this vaccine confirms its structural and antigenic integrity. In-vivo immunogenicity evaluation in mice indicates that a single dose of this vaccine induces potent serum neutralizing antibody titer at two weeks post immunization, which is significantly higher than titer induced by trimeric spike protein without nanoparticle presentation. The comparison of serum binding to spike subunits between animals immunized by spike with and without nanoparticle presentation indicates that nanoparticle prefers the display of spike RBD (Receptor-Binding Domain) over S2 subunit, likely resulting in a more neutralizing but less cross-reactive antibody response. Moreover, a Syrian golden hamster in-vivo model for SARS-CoV-2 virus challenge was implemented at two weeks post a single dose of REVC-128 immunization. The results show that vaccination protects hamsters against SARS-CoV-2 virus challenge with evidence of steady body weight, suppressed viral loads and alleviation of tissue damage (lung and nares) for protected animals, compared with ~10% weight loss, higher viral loads and tissue damage in unprotected animals. Furthermore, the data show that vaccine REVC-128 is thermostable at up to 37C for at least 4 weeks. These findings, along with a long history of safety for protein vaccines, suggest that the REVC-128 is a safe, stable and efficacious single-shot vaccine candidate to induce the earliest protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) reduce cardiovascular events and onset and progression of renal disease by mechanisms that remain incompletely understood, but may include clearance of interstitial congestion and reduced glomerular hydrostatic pressure. The ongoing DAPASALT mechanistic clinical study will evaluate natriuretic, diuretic, plasma/extracellular volume and blood pressure responses to dapagliflozin in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with normal or impaired renal function (D-NRF and D-IRF, respectively), and in normoglycemic individuals with renal impairment (N-IRF). In this study, a mathematical model of renal physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology was used to prospectively predict changes in sodium excretion, blood and interstitial fluid volume (IFV), blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate, and albuminuria in DAPASALT. After validating the model with previous diabetic nephropathy trials, virtual patients were matched to DAPASALT inclusion/exclusion criteria, and the DAPASALT protocol was simulated. Predicted changes in glycosuria, blood pressure, GFR, and albuminuria were consistent with other recent studies in similar populations. Predicted albuminuria reductions were 46% in D-NRF, 34.8% in D-IRF, and 14.2% in N-IRF. The model predicts similarly large IFV reduction between D-NRF and D-IRF, and less but still substantial IFV reduction in N-IRF, even though glycosuria attenuated in groups with impaired renal function. When DAPASALT results become available, comparison with these simulations will provide a basis for evaluating how well we understand the cardiorenal mechanism(s) of SGLT2i. Meanwhile, these simulations link dapagliflozin's renal mechanisms to changes in IFV and renal biomarkers, suggesting these benefits may extend to those with impaired renal function and nondiabetics. Significance Statement Mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors' cardiorenal benefits remain incompletely understood. We used a mathematical model of renal physiology/pharmacology to prospectively predict responses to dapagliflozin in the ongoing DAPASALT study. Key predictions include similarly large interstitial fluid volume (IFV) reductions between subjects with normal and impaired renal function, and less but still substantial IFV reduction in non-diabetics, even though glycosuria is attenuated in these groups. Comparing prospective simulations and study results will assess how well we understand the cardiorenal mechanism(s) of SGLT2i.

Resumo O distanciamento social tem sido usado pela maioria dos governos estaduais e municipais do Brasil como principal estratgia para a reduo da velocidade de transmiss?o do novo coronavrus (SARS-CoV-2), agente etiolgico da COVID-19 Entretanto, esse isolamento social tem tido vrias repercuss?es negativas, dentre elas o aumento da violncia intrafamiliar contra crian?as, adolescentes e mulheres Recentemente, a violncia contra a pessoa idosa (VCPI) durante a pandemia tambm vem entrando na pauta das preocupaes, embora a discuss?o sobre as possveis estratgias de enfrentamento da VCPI durante a COVID-19 ainda seja inexpressiva em todo o mundo Visando ampliar o debate sobre o tema no Brasil, este artigo pretende oferecer elementos tericos e evidncias de estudos anteriores para uma maior compreens?o da situao de vulnerabilidade do idoso s situaes de violncia, das possveis motivaes para o aumento do nmero de casos de VCPI durante a COVID-19, bem como sugerir possveis estratgias para o enfrentamento do problema Most Brazilian state and municipal governments have used social distancing as the primary strategy for reducing the transmission speed of the new Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19 However, this social isolation has had several adverse repercussions, including increased intrafamily violence against children, adolescents, and women Recently, violence against older adults (VAOA) during the pandemic has also been on the agenda of concerns, although discussing possible strategies for coping with VAOA during COVID-19 is still unimpressive worldwide Aiming to broaden the debate on the theme in Brazil, this paper aims to offer theoretical elements and evidence from previous studies for a greater understanding of the situation of vulnerability of older adults to situations of violence, of the possible motivations for the increased number of cases of VAOA during the COVID-19 pandemic, and possible strategies to address the problem

OBJECTIVE Innate immune responses to pulmonary resection may be critical in the pathogenesis of important postoperative pulmonary complications and potentially longer-term survival. We sought to compare innate immunity of patients undergoing major pulmonary resection for bronchogenic carcinoma via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and thoracotomy. METHODS Bronchoalveolar lavage was conducted in the contralateral lung before staging bronchoscopy and mediastinoscopy and immediately after lung resection. Blood and exhaled nitric oxide were sampled preoperatively and at 6, 24, and 48 hours postoperatively. RESULTS Forty patients were included (26 VATS and 14 thoracotomy). There was a lower systemic cytokine response from lung resection undertaken by VATS compared with thoracotomy [interleukin 6 (IL-6), analysis of variance (ANOVA) P = 0.026; IL-8, ANOVA P = 0.018; and IL-10, ANOVA P = 0.047]. The VATS patients had higher perioperative serum albumin levels (ANOVA P = 0.001). Lower levels of IL-10 were produced by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated blood monocytes from the VATS patients compared with the thoracotomy patients at 6 hours postoperatively (geometric mean ratio, 1.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-1.33; P = 0.011). No statistically significant differences in the neutrophil phagocytic capacity, overall leukocyte count, or differential leukocyte count were found between the surgical groups (ANOVA P > 0.05). No statistically significant differences in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid parameters were found. Exhaled nitric oxide levels fell postoperatively, which reached statistical significance at 48 hours (geometric mean ratio, 1.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.46; P = 0.029). There were no significant differences found between the surgical groups (ANOVA P = 0.331). CONCLUSIONS Overall, a trend toward greater proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses is seen with lung resection performed via thoracotomy compared with VATS.

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are important human pathogens for which no specific treatment is available. Here, we provide evidence that pharmacological reprogramming of ER stress pathways can be exploited to suppress CoV replication. We found that the ER stress inducer thapsigargin efficiently inhibits coronavirus (HCoV-229E, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2) replication in different cell types, (partially) restores the virus-induced translational shut-down, and counteracts the CoV-mediated downregulation of IRE1 and the ER chaperone BiP. Proteome-wide data sets revealed specific pathways, protein networks and components that likely mediate the thapsigargin-induced antiviral state, including HERPUD1, an essential factor of ER quality control, and ER-associated protein degradation complexes. The data show that thapsigargin hits a central mechanism required for CoV replication, suggesting that thapsigargin (or derivatives thereof) may be developed into broad-spectrum anti-CoV drugs. One Sentence Summary / Running title Suppression of coronavirus replication through thapsigargin-regulated ER stress, ERQC / ERAD and metabolic pathways

BACKGROUND: The use of social big data is an important emerging concern in public health. Internet search volumes are useful data that can sensitively detect trends of the public's attention during a pandemic outbreak situation. OBJECTIVE: Our study aimed to analyze the public's interest in COVID-19 proliferation, identify the correlation between the proliferation of COVID-19 and interest in immunity and products that have been reported to confer an enhancement of immunity, and suggest measures for interventions that should be implemented from a health and medical point of view. METHODS: To assess the level of public interest in infectious diseases during the initial days of the COVID-19 outbreak, we extracted Google search data from January 20, 2020, onward and compared them to data from March 15, 2020, which was approximately 2 months after the COVID-19 outbreak began. In order to determine whether the public became interested in the immune system, we selected coronavirus, immune, and vitamin as our final search terms. RESULTS: The increase in the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 cases that occurred after January 20, 2020, had a strong positive correlation with the search volumes for the terms coronavirus (R=0.786; P<.001), immune (R=0.745; P<.001), and vitamin (R=0.778; P<.001), and the correlations between variables were all mutually statistically significant. Moreover, these correlations were confirmed on a country basis when we restricted our analyses to the United States, the United Kingdom, Italy, and Korea. Our findings revealed that increases in search volumes for the terms coronavirus and immune preceded the actual occurrences of confirmed cases. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that during the initial phase of the COVID-19 crisis, the public's desire and actions of strengthening their own immune systems were enhanced. Further, in the early stage of a pandemic, social media platforms have a high potential for informing the public about potentially helpful measures to prevent the spread of an infectious disease and provide relevant information about immunity, thereby increasing the public's knowledge.

BACKGROUND: Many challenges exist in providing equitable access to rural healthcare in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). WHO recommends student exposure to rural clinical rotations to promote interest in rural healthcare. Challenges to rural engagement include lack of adequate infrastructure and staff to lead rural education. This case report highlights key steps in developing a rural rotation program for DRC nursing students. Case presentation To implement a rural rotation (RR) program, ICAP at Columbia University (ICAP) consulted with students, the Ministries of Health (MoH) and Education (MoE), and nursing schools to pilot and expand a rural rotation program. Nursing schools agreed to place students in rural clinics and communities. Key stakeholders collaborated to assess and select rural sites based on availability of nursing mentors, educational resources, security, accessibility, and patient volume. To support this, 85 preceptors from 55 target schools and 30 rural health facilities were trained of which 30 were selected to be master trainers. These master trainers led the remaining 55 preceptors implementing the rural rotation program. We worked with rural facilities to engage community leaders and secure accommodation for students. A total of 583 students from five Lubumbashi schools and two rural schools outside Kinshasa participated across 16 rural sites (298 students in 2018C2019 school year and 285 in 2019C2020). Feedback from 274 students and 25 preceptors and nursing school leaders was positive with many students actively seeking rural assignments upon graduation. For example, 97% agreed or strongly agreed that their RR programs had strengthened their educational experience. Key challenges, however, were long-term financial support (35%) for rural rotations, adequate student housing (30%) and advocacy for expanding the rural workforce. CONCLUSIONS: With nearly 600 participants, this project showed that a RR program is feasible and acceptable in resource-limited settings yet availability of ample student accommodation and increasing availability of rural jobs remain health system challenges. Using a multipronged approach to rural health investment as outlined by WHO over two decades ago remains essential. Attracting future nurses to rural health is necessary but not sufficient to achieve equitable health workforce distribution.

Further development of the bioeconomy, the substitution of bioresources for fossil resources, will lead to an increased pressure on land and water resources in both agriculture and forestry. It is important to study whether resultant changes in land management may in turn lead to impairment of water services. This paper describes the Nordic Bioeconomy Pathways (NBPs), a set of regional sectoral storylines nested within the global Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) framework developed to provide the BIOWATER research program with land management scenarios for projecting future developments to explore possible conflicts between land management changes and the Water Framework Directive (WFD). The NBPs are a set of narrative storylines capturing a range of plausible future trajectories for the Nordic bioeconomy until 2050 and that are fit for use within hydrological catchment modelling, ecosystem service studies and stakeholder dialogue about possible changes in agricultural and forestry management practices.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic originated from the emergence of anovel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which has been intensively studied since its discovery in order to generate the knowledge necessary to accelerate the development of vaccines and antivirals. Of note, many researchers believe there is great potential in systematically identifying host interactors of viral factors already targeted by existing drugs.Areas Covered: Herein, the authors discuss in detail the only available large-scale systematic study of the SARS-CoV-2-host protein-protein interaction network. More specifically, the authors review the literature on two key SARS-CoV-2 drug targets, the Spike surface glycoprotein, and the RNA polymerase. The authors also provide the reader with their expert opinion and future perspectives.Expert opinion: Interactions made by viral proteins with host factors reveal key functions that are likely usurped by the virus and, as aconsequence, points to known drugs that can be repurposed to fight viral infection and collateral damages that can exacerbate various disease conditions in COVID-19.

Multiparametric MRI of the prostate at clinical magnetic field strengths (1.5/3 Tesla) has emerged as a reliable noninvasive imaging modality for identifying clinically significant cancer, enabling selective sampling of high-risk regions with MRI-targeted biopsies, and enabling minimally invasive focal treatment options. With increased sensitivity and spectral resolution, ultra-high-field (UHF) MRI ( 7 Tesla) holds the promise of imaging and spectroscopy of the prostate with unprecedented detail. However, exploiting the advantages of ultra-high magnetic field is challenging due to inhomogeneity of the radiofrequency field and high local specific absorption rates, raising local heating in the body as a safety concern. In this work, we review various coil designs and acquisition strategies to overcome these challenges and demonstrate the potential of UHF MRI in anatomical, functional and metabolic imaging of the prostate and pelvic lymph nodes. When difficulties with power deposition of many refocusing pulses are overcome and the full potential of metabolic spectroscopic imaging is used, UHF MR(S)I may aid in a better understanding of the development and progression of local prostate cancer. Together with large field-of-view and low-flip-angle anatomical 3D imaging, 7 T MRI can be used in its full strength to characterize different tumor stages and help explain the onset and spatial distribution of metastatic spread.

There are clear connections between education achieved and health over the course of a lifetime, with higher education achievement being associated with better health. However, the association between education and mortality have differed by race, with minoritized populations reaping fewer benefits from education attained. This paper aims to understand the moderating effect of structural racism (measured at the state level) on the association between education and all-cause early mortality for Black and White participants. We utilize a nationally representative longitudinal sample of youth (NLSY97), and estimates of structural racism for each state through measures of political participation, employment and job status, education attainment ratios, and judicial treatment. Random effects models were then utilized to compare associations between Black and White participants, and assess the association of education on early mortality. Results indicate significant, yet nuanced findings in each of the models assessed suggesting that Black and White participants experienced diminished returns of education on the probability of early mortality. Findings support previous research suggesting that structural racism is costing all citizens, but is especially harmful for minoritized populations.

Smartphones became an integral part of household corporate management across all industries which resulted in high screen time, smartphone addiction during the pandemic. This study attempts to examine the association between sociodemographic factors, perceived smartphone addiction towards real smartphone addiction. Kwon's (2013) validated Smartphone Addiction Survey was used to collect data from the identified subjects (n = 192), and descriptive analyzes and statistical crosstabs were used to infer the associations. The results portray that Sex and Age are strong predictors of smartphone addiction: Females over males tend to get addicted to smartphones, while age below 25 is highly addicted to smartphones, and age over 41 is less smartphone addict. The level of education is a moderately fair predictor of smartphone addiction. The higher the level of education, the higher the tendency to become addicted to smartphones. Marital status is not a good predictor of smartphone addiction in context, and there is no difference between being married or not of smartphone addiction. Perceived smartphone addiction is a good predictor of smartphone addiction, who believe they are addicted are more likely to become addicted to smartphones, and vice versa. ? 2021 IEEE.

Japanese diaspora archaeology originated in the late 1960s but reports and publications did not appear until the 1980s. Early studies often included Japanese artifacts or sites within larger surveys, but by the 1990s and 2000s were the focus of targeted research. Most research has been undertaken in western North American and the Pacific Islands. Pre-War farms and work camps and World War II battlefields and incarceration centers emerged as primary topics of study, with the incarceration centers dominating the literature today. Research themes are diverse but emphasize material consumption, concepts of place, and patterns of cultural persistence and change.

COVID-19, a new illness secondary to a novel Coronavirus emerged in December 2019 in China. Our early understanding of the clinical features of COVID-19 has been based on case series emerging from the first outbreak in Wuhan. These features included fever, a dry cough, myalgia and dyspnea. Gastrointestinal symptoms were rarely reported as a key feature. We present a case report of a 74-year-old male who presented with symptoms of gastroenteritis and subsequently tested positive for COVID-19. This article aims to highlight an uncommon presentation of COVID-19 and that a high index of suspicion is required for COVID-19 in older people given their greater likelihood of presenting atypically.